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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 2, NUMBER 7, JULY 1989

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
GLOBAL MODELING

Item #d89jul56

"General Circulation Model Simulation of Mild Nuclear Winter," A.B. Pittock (CSIRO Div. Atmos. Res., Private Bag 1, Mordialloc 3195, Australia), K. Walsh, J.S. Frederiksen, Clim. Dynamics, 3(4), 191-206, Apr. 1989.

The climatic effects of an elevated uniform global layer of purely absorbing smoke of absorption optical depth 0.2 have been simulated using a version of the nine-level spectral model of McAvaney et al. Results show an approximate reduction of 50% in convective rainfall in the tropics and monsoonal regions, with diurnal average soil surface coolings of several degrees C, except in those locations where the reduction in soil moisture is sufficient to effectively stop evaporation at the surface. Discusses possible effects of a lowering of sea surface temperature, variations in cloud cover, neglect of scattering by smoke, and infrared absorption and emission by the smoke.

Item #d89jul57

"Global Land-Use Changes from 1860 to 1980 and Future Projections to 2500," G. Esser (Gen. Ecol. Group, Univ. Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, POB 4469, D-4500 Osnabrück, FRG), Ecol. Model., 44(3/4), 307-316, Jan. 1989.

Introduces a global scenario which is regionalized on a 2.5° grid. The historical section is based on available data concerning site and area of land-use change. The future projections include a probability estimate for land-use development and distribution from 1981 to 2500.

Item #d89jul58

"Effects of Soil Moisture on the Sensitivity of a Climate Model to Earth Orbital Forcing at 9000 Yr BP," R.G. Gallimore (Ctr. Climatic Change, Univ. Wisconsin, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison WI 53706), J.E. Kutzbach, Clim. Change, 14(2), 175-205, 1989.

The computer sensitivities of temperature and soil moisture to 9000 yr BP (before present) radiation differ from those simulated under equilibrium conditions in the various general circulation model experiments for increased atmospheric concentration of CO₂. In contrast to the effects of the enhanced seasonal cycle of solar radiation at 9000 yr BP, a CO₂ increase causes a broad warming of both the ocean and land with little modification of land/ocean temperature difference. The experiments for 9000 yr BP indicate a clearer signal for summer drying than is obtained in the experiments for increased CO₂.

Item #d89jul59

"Analytic Solution of the Box Diffusion Model for a Global Ocean," S.A. Lebedeff (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., 2880 Broadway, New York NY 10025), J. Geophys. Res., 93(D11), 14,243-14,255, Nov. 20, 1988.

Derives a solution for the temperature of the mixed layer that depends on only one parameter in the case of a doubled CO₂ experiment. This dependence permits derivation of a simple expression for the e-folding time, and formulation of a quantitative sensitivity analysis for the response of the mixed layer temperature to changes in other parameters of the global model.