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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999
FROM VOLUME 2, NUMBER 9, SEPTEMBER 1989
PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
Item #d89sep44
 "Determination of Atmospheric Soot Carbon with a Simple Thermal
Method," H. Cachier (Ctr. Faibles Radioactiv., Lab. mixte CNRS-CEA, Av. de
la Terrasse, 91190 GIF sur Yvette, France), M.-P. Bremond, P. Buat-Ménard,
Tellus, 41B(3), 379-390, July 1989.
There is increasing evidence that soot carbon aerosol can affect the
environment through its high optical absorption of solar radiation. This study
confirms that soot carbon is not composed primarily of elemental carbon, but
appears to be a variable mixture of highly condensed organic compounds. These
compounds may be either combustion-derived material or the result of
low-temperature gas-to-particle conversion processes.
Item #d89sep45
"Atmospheric Methane," C.M. Stevens (Chem. Div., Argonne Lab.,
Argonne IL 60439), Chem. Geol., 71(1/3), 11-21, Dec. 15, 1988.
Reviews briefly the budget of fluxes from natural and anthropogenic sources
for atmospheric methane based on isotopic data. Found that an increasing delta
13C trend in the Southern Hemisphere is attributed to increasing fluxes of
isotopically heavy CH4 from biomass burning. In the Northern Hemisphere the
average delta 13C of the source fluxes decreased from 1978 to 1983 at a rate
much greater than can be reasonably accounted for by increasing fluxes of
isotopically light CH4 from anthropogenic sources and, therefore, is attributed
to increasing fluxes from natural sources.
Item #d89sep46
"Dimethyl Sulfide Production during Natural Phytoplanktonic Blooms,"
B.C. Nguyen (address immed. above), S. Belviso et al., Marine Chem.,
24(2), 133-141, June 1988.
Investigates dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production during phytoplanktonic blooms
experimentally by closely simulating natural marine environments, with
multispecific populations, non-axenic conditions and natural light. Found that
the gas production during the senescence phase is 7-26 times higher than during
the growth phase. DMS production by the senescence process could be a major
mechanism for the generation of DMS in seawater.
Item #d89sep47
"Least Independent Variables Method for Simulation of Tropospheric
Ozone," D.J. Jacob (Div. Appl. Sci., Pierce Hall, Harvard Univ., Cambridge
MA 02138), S. Sillman et al., J. Geophys. Res., 94(D6),
8497-8509, June 20, 1989.
Test simulations for summertime conditions at mid-latitudes indicate little
loss in accuracy compared to detailed model simulations of chemistry with high
time resolution. Minimization of the number of tracers and use of a long
time-step reduces computer time and storage requirements. Parameterization of
the chemical computation allows further savings in computer time.
Item #d89sep48
"The Vertical Distribution of CH4, N2O, CFC-12 and CFC-11 in the
Middle Atmosphere at Mid-Latitudes," S. Lal (Phys. Res. Lab.,
Ahmedabad-380009, India), R. Borchers et al., J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.,
51(2), 81-90, 1989.
Presents data for the title chemicals from samples collected with cryogenic
samplers from five balloon flights conducted during 1982-1984. A comparison of
the present results with earlier measurements from 1977-1979 does not show any
appreciable change in the mixing ratios of CH4 and N2O. However, an average
tropospheric increase of (6.5 + or - 1)% per year was found for CFC-12 and
CFC-11 with an increase in height, suggesting a time lag of about six years
between the troposphere and the altitude region around 25 km. Measurements were
also compared with the available satellite/spacelab data and with 1-D
photochemical model calculations.
Item #d89sep49
"Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature Responses to Short-Term Solar
Ultraviolet Variations: Reproducibility of Low-Latitude Response Measurements,"
L.L. Hood (Lunar Planet. Lab., Univ. Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721), Ann.
Geophys., 6(5), 525-530, 1988.
Analyzes two independent, 22-month time intervals of NIMBUS 7 solar
backscattered UV (SBUV) O3 and stratospheric and mesospheric sounder (SAMS)
temperature measurements for the upper stratosphere at low latitudes to
calculate mean responses to observed changes in solar UV spectral irradiance
occurring on the time scale of the solar rotation period. Results support the
validity of previously reported measurements on the 27-day time scale and impose
firmer constraints on proposed theoretical models for the response of the
stratosphere to solar UV forcing on both short and long time scales.
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