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February 28, 2007

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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 3, NUMBER 4, APRIL 1990

REPORTS...
ENERGY

Item #d90apr55

End-Use/Least Cost Investment Strategies, A. Lovins, 26 pp., Sep. 1989. Available from Rocky Mountain Inst., 1739 Snowmass Creek Rd., Snowmass CO 81654. (E89-35, 26 pp., $12; Summary E89-35a, 2 pp., $1.) Reprints an invited address to the World Energy Conference; describes the logic of choosing the best buys first, and how this can yield striking benefits for the environment, development and security.

Item #d90apr56

CO₂ and the World Energy System: The Role of Nuclear Power (CONF-890810-1), W. Fulkerson (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Tenn.), J.E. Jones, 15 pp., 1989. NTIS: DE89-013014/XAB; $13.95.

Describes the elements needed to implement a safe and economic nuclear power world enterprise. These include: (1) much safer reactors, preferably passively safe, which can be developed at various scales, (2) effective and permanent waste management strategies and strengthened safeguards against diversion of nuclear materials to weapons.

Item #d90apr57

Integral Fast Reactor Concept: Today's Hope for Tomorrow's Electrical Energy Needs (CONF-8906182-1), C.C. Dwight (Argonne Nat. Lab., Ill.), R.D. Phipps, 10 pp., 1989. NTIS: DE89-016633/XAB; $10.95.

Describes the Integral Fast Reactor that produces electrical energy through the fissioning of heavy metals by fast neutrons in a reactor cooled by liquid sodium. Spent fuel is then pyrochemically reprocessed and returned to the reactor in a closed fuel cycle, aiding waste management. Describes the reactor's potential for breeding (producing more fuel than it uses).

Item #d90apr58

Refrigerator-Freezer Energy Testing with Alternative Refrigerants (CONF-890609-4), E.A. Vineyard (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Tenn.), J.R. Sand, W.A. Miller, 14 pp., 1989. NTIS: DE89-013543/XAB; $13.95.

Presents results of energy consumption tests run for an 18-cubic-foot top-mount refrigerator-freezer with a static condenser using the following refrigerants: R12, R500, R12/Dimethyl-ether, R22/R142b and R134a. Concludes that R500 and R12/DME have a reduced energy consumption relative to R12 when replaced in the test unit with no modifications to the refrigeration system.

Item #d90apr59

US-Japan Energy Policy Consultations: Final Narrative Report (CONF-890424-9), Atlantic Council of the U.S., Washington DC, 150 pp., May 1989. NTIS: DE89-013969/XAB; $21.95. Collection of papers on energy policy. Includes topics such as: the world energy situations; global warming; the oil, natural gas, and coal situations in the U.S. and Japan; nuclear power.

Item #d90apr60

Option for the Coal Industry in Utilizing Fossil Fuel Resources with Reduced CO₂ Emissions: Revision (BNL-42228-REV), M. Steinberg (Brookhaven Nat. Lab., Upton, N.Y.), 27 pp., May 1989. NTIS: DE89-015021/XAB; $13.95.

Describes the HYDROCARB process, which makes carbon black by separating the hydrogen from the carbon in coal. This is an efficient, low-energy process that emits only CO₂, but in smaller quantities than coal-derived synthetic hydrocarbon fuels.

Item #d90apr61

Energy Efficiency and Structural Change: Implications for the Greenhouse Problem (LBL-25716), S. Meyers (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Calif.), 81 pp., Aug. 1988. NTIS: DE89-012852/XAB; $15.95.

Information on climatic implications of different levels of energy use, and on the resultant impact on policy options to limit emissions of atmospheric gases, is being used by the U.S. EPA to refine scenarios of long-range energy consumption.

Item #d90apr62

Impact of the CFC Phase-out on PG and E, Its Customers, and Energy Use (LBL-26837), A. Meier (Lawrence Berkeley Lab.), 25 pp., Oct. 1988. NTIS: DE89-012846/XAB; $13.95.

Shows that most of the measures used to reduce CFCs in commercial building chillers will result in lower electricity use and an improved load shape. However, improvements in efficiency in refrigerators and insulation are threatened by the loss of traditional refrigerants and, because of possible short supplies, may lead to increased electricity and gas use for space conditioning.