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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 3, NUMBER 8, AUGUST 1990

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE CHEMISTRY

Item #d90aug11

"Heterogeneous Reactions on Nitric Acid Trihydrate," S.B. Moore (Jet Propulsion Lab., Calif. Inst. Technol., Pasadena CA 91109), L.F. Keyser et al., Nature, 345(6273), 333-335, May 24, 1990.

Reports the first direct measurements of the reaction probabilities at stratospheric temperatures for two important heterogeneous reactions on nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). Calculates the sticking coefficients and solubilities of HCl and NAT, which are important in modeling physical-chemical processes in the stratosphere. Results show that the conversion of the chlorine reservoir species can occur within a few days of the first appearance of type I polar stratospheric clouds during the polar winter.

Item #d90aug12

"Spatial Variation of Ozone Depletion Rates in the Springtime Antarctic Polar Vortex," Y.L. Yung (Div. Geol. Plan. Sci., Calif. Inst. Technol., Pasadena CA 91125), M. Allen et al., Science, 721-724, May 11, 1990.

An area mapping technique, designed to filter out synoptic perturbations of the Antarctic polar vortex such as distortion or displacement away from the pole, was applied to the Nimbus-7 TOMS data. The concentrations of ClO required to account for the observed loss of O3 are higher than those previously reported. However, the O3 loss rates could be larger than deduced because of underestimates of total O3 by TOMS near the terminator. These uncertainties suggest that in early spring, closer to the vortex center, there may be even larger ClO concentrations than have yet been detected.

Item #d90aug13

"Comparison of Stratospheric Ozone Profiles and Their Seasonal Variations as Measured by Lidar and Strato-spheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment During 1988," I.S. McDermid (Jet Propulsion Lab., Wrightwood CA 92397), S.M. Godin et al., J. Geophys. Res., 95(D5), 5605-5612, Apr. 20, 1990.

Presents the data obtained during the first full year of operation of the lidar and compares them with SAGE II measurements and with the proposed CIRA reference atmosphere ozone model. Seasonal variations, observed by the two instruments and indicated by the reference model between 25 km and 50 km, are in agreement.

Item #d90aug14

"Uptake of HCl Molecules by Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Droplets as a Function of Acid Concentration," L.R. Watson (Geophys. Lab., Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford MA 01731), J.M. Van Doren et al., ibid., 5631-5638.

Measures the uptake of HCl at 283 K. Results are in good accord with calculations based on the decrease in the solubility of HCl with increasing H2SO4 mole fraction. Indicates that mass accommodation coefficients are large enough to show that the HCl content of stratospheric aerosols will be determined entirely by this solubility.

Item #d90aug15

"Heterogeneous Reactions on Model Polar Strato-spheric Cloud Surfaces: Reaction of N₂O5 on Ice and Nitric Acid Trihydrate," M.A. Quinlan (Dept. Chem., Univ. Calif., Berkeley CA 94720), C.M. Reihs et al., J. Phys. Chem., 94(8), 3255-3260, Apr. 19, 1990.

Used a Knudsen cell flow reactor in a laboratory study of the heterogeneous reaction of N₂O5. N₂O5 was quantitatively converted to HNO3 on ice surfaces at 188 K. On initially pure ice surfaces, a gradual increase in the N₂O5 uptake efficiency was observed up to a maximum value near 0.03.

Item #d90aug16

"Photodissociation of OClO: REMPI Study of Primary Photofragments," E. Rühl (Dept. Chem., Univ. Colorado, Boulder CO 80309), A. Jefferson, V. Vaida, ibid., 94(7), 2990-2994, Apr. 5, 1990.

Investigates the photochemistry of OClO of samples in the collision-free conditions of a molecular jet. Assesses in situ formed photolysis products, outlines the photochemical mechanism of OClO, and explains the implications of the revised picture of OClO photoreactivity with regard to stratospheric ozone depletion.

Item #d90aug17

"Stratospheric Ozone Depletion at Northern Midlatitudes after Major Volcanic Eruptions," H. Jäger (Fraunhofer Inst. Atmos. Environ. Res., D-8100 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, FRG), K. Wege, J. Atmos. Chem., 10, 273-287, 1990.

Analyzes ozone variations measured at Hohenpeissenberg with respect to dynamic transport variations related to the quasibiennial oscillation. Results show that the 1985 ozone minimum is a transport effect, but that at 17 to 20 km in 1982-1983, 30 to 40% of the deficiency was probably related to the aerosol perturbation of the lower stratosphere following the April 1982 eruption of the Mexican volcano El Chichón.

Item #d90aug18

"Kinetics of the Reactions of CF2ClO2 Radicals with Nitrogen Dioxide," S.B. Moore (Dept. Chem. Eng., Univ. Minn., Minneapolis MN 55455), R.W. Carr, ibid., 94(4), 1393-1400, Feb. 22, 1990.

Reports the determination by flash photolysis with time-resolved mass spectrometry of the room temperature rate constant for the reaction CF2ClO2 + NO2 + M yields CF2ClO2NO2 + M. Concludes that this reaction must certainly occur in the stratosphere and play a role in the rate of Cl release from halocarbons present there.