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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 3, NUMBER 6, JUNE 1990

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE CHEMISTRY

Item #d90jun36

"Observations of Denitrification and Dehydration in the Winter Polar Stratospheres," D.W. Fahey (Aeronomy Lab., NOAA, Boulder CO 80303), K.K. Kelly et al., Nature, 344(6264), 321-324, Mar. 22, 1990.

Argues that Arctic denitrification can be explained by the selective growth and sedimentation of aerosol particles rich in nitric acid. Because reactive nitrogen species moderate the destruction of ozone by chlorine-catalyzed reactions, by sequestering chlorine in reservoir species such as ClONO2, the possibility of the removal of reactive nitrogen without dehydration should be allowed for in attempts to model ozone depletion in the Arctic.

Item #d90jun37

"A Comparison of Solar Mesosphere Explorer and Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Experiment II Ozone Densities Near the Stratopause," D.W. Rusch (LASP, Univ. Colo., Boulder CO 80309), R.T. Clancy et al., J. Geophys. Res., 95(D4), 3533-3537, Mar. 20, 1990.

Compares ozone measurements made by two instruments at 1.0 mbar for the time period October 1984 to December 1986. These instruments agree to within 5% at all latitudes considered in the comparison. Results support the accuracy and precision of each instrument and the accuracy of ozone trends derived over the 1982-1986 period from Solar Mesosphere Explorer data.

Item #d90jun38

"Laboratory Studies on the Stratospheric NOx Production Rate," G.D. Greenblatt (R/E/AL2/NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), A.R. Ravishankara, ibid., 3539-3547.

Measured yields showed excellent agreement with NO yields predicted from a model using previously measured rate parameters. The results of this experiment reduced the most probable uncertainty in the yield of NO from near 80% to less than 30%.

Item #d90jun39

"The Role of Chlorine Chemistry in Antarctic Ozone Loss: Implications of New Kinetic Data," J.M. Rodriguez (Atmos. Environ. Res. Inc., 840 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA 02139), M.K.W. Ko, N.D. Sze, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17(3), 255-258, Mar. 1990.

New kinetic data, yielding a slower formation rate and larger absorption cross sections of Cl2O2, are incorporated into a photochemical model to reassess the role of chlorine chemistry in the ozone reductions derived from Antarctic TOMS observations during 1987. Ozone reductions calculated from chlorine catalytic cycles are still consistent with observed decreases in column ozone between August and October 1987 in the vortex core.

Item #d90jun40

"Effects of Initial Active Chlorine Concentrations on the Antarctic Ozone Spring Depletion," G.S. Henderson (Dept. Geol., Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S 3B1, Can.), W.F.J. Evans, J.C. McConnell, J. Geophys. Res., 95(D2), 1899-1908, Feb. 20, 1990.

Presents the results of further numerical experiments, conducted with a one-dimensional photochemical model, to investigate the effects of the initial conditions for Clx (all forms of odd chlorine) upon the depletion of O3 during the austral spring. The main O3 loss is due to formation and photolysis of Cl2O2. The depth of the O3 minimum in spring appears to be related to the vertical extent of the region chemically processed by polar stratospheric clouds, as well as to the absolute levels of active Clx.

Item #d90jun41

"Ozone and Temperature Profiles Over McMurdo Station Antarctica in the Spring of 1989," T. Deshler (Dept. Phys., Univ. Wyoming, Laramie WY 82071), D.J. Hofmann et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 17(2), 151-154, Feb. 1990.

Thirty-nine soundings of pressure, temperature and O3 using balloon-borne sensors were conducted from August 23 to October 30, 1989. Compared to 1986 and 1988 the stratosphere was colder and ozone depletion worse.

Item #d90jun42

"Ozone Depletion in the Arctic Vortex at Alert During February 1989," W.F.J. Evans (Atmos. Environ. Serv., 4905 Dufferin St., Downsview, Ont. M3H 5T4, Can.), ibid., 167-170.

Reports a series of 15 measurements of ozone profiles within the winter polar vortex, most of which show a depleted layer. Comparison of the late February and late January ozone profiles indicates that the depletion was due to a process which may have occurred while the polar air was partially in sunlight. The depletion may have started at high altitudes above 22 km and moved downwards during February in a manner similar to the process in September in the Antarctic.

Item #d90jun43

"Large Stratospheric Sudden Warming in Antarctic Late Winter and Shallow Ozone Hole in 1988," H. Kanzawa (Nat. Inst. Polar Res., 1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173, Japan), S. Kawaguchi, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17(1), 77-80, Jan. 1990. Describes the behavior of stratospheric temperatures and total ozone mainly over the Syowa Station in 1988, and compares them to the past 22-year trend. The data show that dynamics plays an essential role in many aspects of the Antarctic ozone hole.

Item #d90jun44

"ER-2 Mountain Wave Encounter Over Antarctica: Evidence for Blocking," J.T. Bacmeister (Dept. Earth Sci., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore MD 21218), M.R. Schoeberl et al., ibid., 81-84. Reasonable agreement between a three-dimensional linear model of orographically forced gravity waves and observations is obtained if the effects of low-level flow blocking are taken into account.