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FROM VOLUME 4, NUMBER 12, DECEMBER 1991

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
ENERGY POLICY

Item #d91dec17

Three items from Energy Policy, 19(9), Nov. 1991:

"Renewables in China," C. Yingrong (Zheijiang Design Inst. of Water Conserv. & Elec. Pwr., 46 Zhen Dong Lou, Hangzhou, China 310002), 892-896. Outlines the development of renewable energy sources in China, especially in the vast rural areas, and problems encountered.

"National Energy Strategy--Powerful Ideas for USA," D. Jones (London, UK), 897-898. The strategy is impressive in its range and consistency of approach, but concerns involve climate change, reliance on surplus Middle East oil and other issues.

Correspondence concerning energy analysis of renewable energy sources, nuclear power and global warming, and energy efficiency, 813-815.

Item #d91dec18

"The Impact of a Broad-Based Energy Tax on the U.S. Economy," R. Boyd (Dept. Econ., Ohio Univ., Athens OH 45701), N.D. Uri, Energy Econ., 13(4), 258-271, Oct. 1991.

Studied the effects on the general and agricultural sectors of a 10-cents-per-million-Btu tax, using a general equilibrium model. Found little impact on the agricultural sector; producing sectors would have reduced output, while cumulative goods and services from the consuming sectors would rise. Social welfare would decline more than the amount of revenue gained by the government. (A more detailed version of this work appears in Intl. J. Energy Res., 15(7), 561-580, Sep. 1991.)

Item #d91dec19

Energy Policy, 19(8), Oct. 1991, consists of eight articles in its series on the promise of renewable energy sources for the post-fossil-fuel age. Topics include biomass, solar, wind, hydroelectric, ocean wave and tide, and geothermal. The series began with the Jan.-Feb. 1991 issue.

Item #d91dec20

"An International View of Nuclear Power Plants," A. Newman, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(10), 1682-1683. The journal's associate editor writes that in the final analysis, nuclear power may be the least of many evils; its fate in the U.S. may hinge on experiences in other nations.

Item #d91dec21

"Establishing an International Energy Efficiency Agency--A Response to the Threat of Global Climate Change," H. Geller (Amer. Council Energy Efficient Econ., 1001 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington DC 20036), Energy Policy, 19(7), 689-695, Sep. 1991.

Such an agency could strengthen energy efficiency initiatives in industrialized countries, and provide capital and other assistance for implementing energy efficiency in developing and eastern European countries. Appropriate activities would include information dissemination, research and development, technology demonstration, development of energy efficiency targets for specific end-uses and conversion technologies, and financing for poor nations.

Item #d91dec22

Four additional articles from Energy Policy, 19(7), Sep. 1991.

"How Urbanization Affects Energy Use in Developing Countries," D.W. Jones (Energy Div., Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Oak Ridge TN 37831), 621-630. Includes results of a regression analysis of 59 developing countries for 1980, and an estimate of the elasticity of energy consumption.

"The Proof of the Pudding: Making Energy Efficiency Work," J.B. Robinson (Dept. Environ., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont. N2L 3G1, Can.), 631-645. The literature on energy efficiency behavior and program evaluation suggests that reliance on market mechanisms alone is insufficient.

"The Integration of Renewable Electricity Sources," M.J. Grubb (Energy/Environ. Prog., Roy. Inst. Environ. Aff., 10 St. James's Sq., London SW1Y 4LE, UK), 670-688. The special characteristics of renewable electricity output will probably not hinder their use, provided their role in integrated power systems is properly managed and reflected in tax provisions.

"Hidden Persuaders v. Policy," S. Boehmer-Christiansen (SPRU, Brighton, UK), 695-696. A report on the conference Energy, Environment and Climate (EEC '90) (Stuttgart, Germany, Oct. 1990) of energy experts from the East and West.

Item #d91dec23

Two articles from Energy Policy, 19(6), July-Aug. 1991:

"Improving Energy Efficiency in the USA--The Federal Role," E. Hirst (Energy Div., Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Oak Ridge TN 37831), 567-577. Describes specific steps the U.S. Department of Energy could take in the 1990s.

"Improving Appliance Efficiency in Indonesia," L. Schipper (Energy Anal. Prog., Lawrence-Berkeley Nat. Lab., Berkeley CA 94720), S. Meyers, 578-588. Analyzes the current situation and projects effects of efficiency implementation, based on a survey of 2700 households. Many conclusions apply to other developing countries.

Item #d91dec24

"Market Barriers to Energy-Efficiency Investments," R.J. Sutherland (Argonne Nat. Lab., 901 D St. SW, S. 702, Washington DC 20024), The Energy J., 12(3), 15-34, July 1991.

The conservation literature argues that many cost-effective conservation measures are discouraged by market barriers, but a review of these barriers shows that in general they neither discourage investment nor are they market failures. Two market failures that do show the need for government support of conservation policies are the external costs of energy consumption and production, and the lack of aggregate insurance against energy-related risks.

Item #d91dec25

"Manufacturing Sector Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Nine OECD Countries, 1973-1987," A. Torvanger (SAF Ctr. Appl. Res., Gaustdalléen 21, N-0371 Oslo 3, Norway), Energy Econ., 13(3), 168-186, July 1991.

The overall manufacturing CO₂ intensity, defined as emissions divided by value added, was reduced 42% over the period. A Divisia index approach shows the main contribution to this was a general reduction in manufacturing energy intensity; other factors were reduced production in CO₂-intensive sectors, higher efficiency in electricity generation, and a larger nuclear share at the expense of oil.

Item #d91dec26

Correspondence regarding biomass energy and factors affecting energy use, Environment, 33(5), 4-5, June 1991.

Item #d91dec27

Energy Sources, 13(1), Jan.-Mar. 1991 contains nine articles on solar and biomass energy originally presented at the International Symposium on Energy Options for the Year 2000 (Wilmington, Delaware, Sep. 1988). In the introduction to this special issue, J. Byrne and S.M. Hoffman discuss the implications of several papers for greenhouse gas emissions. Paper topics range from biomass sources (energy plantations in the U.S., and peat) to solar housing potential in Argentina.

Item #d91dec28

"Development of Strategies for Reducing Air Pollutant Emissions in the European Community," P. Russ (IIP, Univ. Karlsruhe, Herlzstr. 16, D-7500, Karlsruhe 21, Ger.), H.-D. Haasis et al., Intl. J. Energy Res., 14(8), 833-847, Oct.-Nov. 1990. Discusses optimal future energy supply structures that result from different strategies for air-pollution control in the European Community countries, obtained from an energy flow optimization model extended with environmental impact modules (EFOM-ENV). Based on work for the Commission of the European Communities (Brussels) and the European Research Center for Air Pollution Control Measures (PEF), Karlsruhe, in cooperation with research institutes in EC member countries.