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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
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FROM VOLUME 5, NUMBER 4, APRIL 1992

REPORTS...
CARBON TAX ANALYSES

(See related News article, this GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE DIGEST issue--Apr. 1992.)

Item #d92apr68

Energy Policy in the Greenhouse: Vol. II. The Cost of Cutting Carbon Emissions, F. Krause et al., 1992, $50.

Technical Report A: Cost and Potential of Demand-Side Efficiency Resources in Western Europe, 250 pp., $80.

Technical Report B: Cost and Potential of Low Carbon Power Supply Options in Western Europe, 250 pp., $80.

All available in May from Intl. Project on Sustainable Energy Paths (IPSEP), 7627 Leviston Ave., El Cerrito CA 94530 (514-525-4446).

Volume I of this study by an international team, published in Nov. 1989 (GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE DIGEST, Reports/Gen. Interest, Feb. 1990), established ecologically-based CO₂ emission reduction targets. Volume II argues that previous macroeconomic studies predicting detrimental economic impacts from carbon taxes have omitted the beneficial effects of "recycling" tax revenues as energy efficiency investments.

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For information on the following DRI studies (discussed in Energy, Econ. & Clim. Change, Feb. 1992) contact Elisabeth Waelbroeck-Rocha, DRI European Industry Serv., Rue Camille Lemonnier 1, B-1060 Brussels, Belg. (tel: +32-2-346-2325; fax: +32-2-346-2309), or Jos Delbeke, Commission of the European Communities, Blvd. du Triomphe 174, 1160 Brussels, Belg. (tel: +32-2-236-8804).

The Economic Impact of a Package of EC Measures to Control CO₂ Emissions, Nov. 1991. Finds that an energy/CO₂ tax would encourage early replacement of capital stock and redistribute income in the EC economy, but not significantly hamper industrialization.

Impact of a Package of EC Measures to Control CO₂ Emissions on European Industry, Feb. 1992. Examines impacts on 20 different industrial and service sectors, assuming different scenarios of requirements for the energy-intensive sectors.

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The EC Proposal for Combining Carbon and Energy Taxes--The Implications for Future CO₂ Emissions (draft), A.S. Manne (Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.), R.G. Richels, 19 pp., Feb. 1992.

This analysis, funded by the (U.S.) Electric Power Research Institute, investigates a unique feature of the EC tax proposal--taxing of energy as well as fossil fuels. The Global 2100 model is used to explore implications of this approach for both Europe and the U.S. Concludes that the proposed tax may not achieve the desired emissions target, and may not be cost-effective. If the goal is to reduce carbon emissions, taxation of carbon-based fuels is counterproductive.

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IEA ETSAP studies: The following studies are summarized in recent issues of the International Energy Agency's ETSAP News, describing work of IEA's Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP). Contact Tom Kram, Neth. Energy Res. Foundation, POB 1, 1755 ZG Petten, Neth. (tel: +31-2246-4347); or newsletter editor Douglas Hill, 15 Anthony Ct., Huntington NY 11743 (516-421-5544).

"NYMARKAL to evaluate CO₂ Emission Control Measures in New York State," Feb. 1992 issue. A specialized version of the general MARKAL energy system model is being applied by Brookhaven National Laboratory to evaluate the special circumstances of New York State.

"Input-Output Model Integrated with MARKAL in Preliminary Italian Runs," Nov. 1991 issue. Describes an initial analysis of CO₂ emission control measures in the Italian energy system by VIATEC Srl (Genoa, Italy).

"Effect of Nuclear Phase-Out on CO₂ Emissions in Sweden," Nov. 1991 issue. MARKAL analysis show a phase-out would make a 20% emission reduction more expensive.

"Japanese Reduction Program Supported by Preliminary MARKAL Runs," Aug. 1991 issue. Work by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute show the goal of stabilization at the 1990 level by 2000 is feasible, and estimates individual effects of various strategies.