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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 5, NUMBER 6, JUNE 1992

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE

Item #d92jun25

"Spring Polar Ozone Behavior," A.C. Aikin (Lab. Atmos., Code 916, NASA-Goddard, Greenbelt MD 20771), Planet. Space Sci., 40(1), 7-26, Jan. 1992.

An extensive review and comparison of Antarctic and Arctic ozone depletion mechanisms. Although depletion is less severe in the Arctic, small areas of large and rapid depletion (miniholes) can propagate to lower latitudes. Long-lived hydrocarbons present in the Arctic stratosphere may reduce ozone destruction there.

Item #d92jun26

"On the Formation and Sedimentation of Stratospheric Nitric Acid Aerosols: Implications for Polar Ozone Destruction," F. Arnold (M. Planck Inst. Kernphys., Postfach 103980, D-6900 Heidelberg, Ger.), K. Petzold, E. Reimer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(7), 677-680, Apr. 3, 1992.

In situ mass spectrometric measurements and isentropic calculations of air trajectories provide strong evidence for the nucleation and vertical redistribution of nitric acid, processes that promote ozone destruction.

Item #d92jun27

"A Comparison of Total Ozone Data from Satellite and Ground-Based Observations at Northern Latitudes," B. Heese (A. Wegener Inst., Columbusstr., D-2850 Bremerhaven, Ger.), K. Barthel, O. Hov, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D4), 3825-3830, Mar. 20, 1992. Total ozone values determined from TOMS data are about 2% too low; Dobson measurements are unreliable at high zenith angles.

Item #d92jun28

"Dehydration in the Antarctic Stratosphere: Radiative Effects," E. Mancini (Dip. di Fisica, Univ. L'Aquila, 67010 Coppito (AQ), Italy), G. Pitari, G. Visconti, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(6), 585-588, Mar. 20, 1992. Uses a 2-D model to investigate the relative roles of ozone and water vapor perturbations in the radiation balance.

Item #d92jun29

Two items from J. Phys. Chem., 96(6), Mar. 19, 1992:

"Investigation of the Reactive and Nonreactive Processes Involving ClONO2 and HCl on Water and Nitric-Acid-Doped Ice," D.R. Hanson (NOAA, Aeron. Lab., 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), A.R. Ravishankara, 2682-2691. Discusses flow reactor experiments and their implications for reactions in the atmosphere.

"A Photochemical, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of ClOO," R.L. Mauldin (NOAA, Aeron. Lab., 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), J.B. Burkholder, A.R. Ravishankara, 2582-2588.

Item #d92jun30

"Theoretical Study of the Photodissociation Cross-Sections and the Photodissociation Dynamics of HOCl," S. Nanbu (Dept. Chem., Keio Univ., Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Koho Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223, Japan), S. Iwata, ibid., 96(5), 2103-2111, Mar. 5, 1992. Calculations suggest that the HOCl molecule contributes to ozone depletion.

Item #d92jun31

"A Refined Evaluation of the Gas-Phase Dimerization Thermodynamics of the ClO Radical," Z. Slanina (M. Planck Inst. Chem., Otto Hahn Inst., W-6500 Mainz, Germany), F. Uhlik, Intl. J. Thermophys., 13(2), 303-313, Mar. 1992.

Item #d92jun32

"The Chain Mechanism of Ozone Destruction by CFCl3 in the 214 nm Photolysis of its Mixtures with Oxygen," A. Horowitz (M. Planck Inst. Chem., Div. Atmos. Chem., W-6500 Mainz, Ger.), G. Schuster, G.K. Moortgat, Intl. J. Chem. Kinetics, 24(3), 255-269, Mar. 1992.

Item #d92jun33

Two items from Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(4), Feb. 21, 1992:

"Simultaneous Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Lidar Measurements after the Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption," A. D'Altorio (Dip. Fis., Univ. degli Studi - L'Aquila, 67010 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy), F. Masci et al., 393-396. Validations and sensitivity tests show that the data collected are suitable for investigating the role of heterogeneous chemistry on ozone destruction, but a large amount of data are needed because of uncertainty in aerosol parameters.

"Heterogeneous Conversion of N₂O5 to HNO3 on Background Stratospheric Aerosols: Comparisons of Model Results with Data," D.B. Considine (NASA-Goddard, Greenbelt MD 20771), A.R. Douglass, R.S. Stolarski, 397-400. Although results suggest that the assumptions made to parameterize the sulfate aerosol chemistry lead to a rate of heterogeneous processing that is too vigorous, the situation remains ambiguous.

Item #d92jun34

Four items from J. Geophys. Res., 97(D2), Feb. 20, 1992:

"Ground-Based Microwave Monitoring of Stratospheric Ozone," A. Parrish (Millitech Corp., POB 109, S. Deerfield MA 01373), B.J. Connor et al., 2541-2546. Describes an instrument intended for operational monitoring within the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change.

"The Chlorine Budget of the Present-Day Atmosphere: A Modeling Study," D.K. Weisenstein (Atmos. Environ. Res. Inc., 840 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA 02139), M.K.W. Ko, N.-D. Sze, 2547-2559. Uses a time-dependent model to estimate stratospheric concentrations of CH3Cl, CFC-12, CFC-113, HCFC-22, CFC-11, CCl4 and CH3CCl3. The last three species are calculated to play a larger role than would be suggested by the corresponding steady state estimates using surface concentration.

"Stratospheric HNO3 Measurements from 0.002 cm-1 Resolution Solar Occultation Spectra and Improved Spectroscopic Line Parameters in the 5.8 micron Region," A. Goldman (Dept. Phys., Univ. Denver, 2112 E. Wesley, Denver CO 80208), F.J. Murcray et al., 2561-2567.

"Toward the Four Dimensional Assimilation of Stratospheric Chemical Constituents," J. Austin (Dept. Atmos. Sci., Univ. Washington, AK-40, Seattle WA 98195), 2569-2588. Presents a method for objective analysis of large volumes of chemical data, such as from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), as input to time-dependent models of stratospheric circulation.

Item #d92jun35

"Dimerization of Equilibrium Constant for the ClO Radical--State-of-the-Art Wide-Temperature-Interval Thermodynamics of Species Related to Ozone Depleting," Z. Slanina (Czech. Acad. Sci., J. Heyrovsky Inst. Chem., Dolejskova 3, CS-18223 Prague 8, Czech.), Thermochim. Acta, 196(2), 467-475, Feb. 24, 1992.

Item #d92jun36

"The Spatial Distribution of the Association between Total Ozone and the 11-Year Solar Cycle," (see Prof. Pubs./Trend Analysis, this GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE DIGEST issue--June 1992).

Item #d92jun37

"Pattern-Recognition Analysis of Polar Clouds during Summer and Winter," E.E. Ebert (Bur. Meteor. Res. Ctr., 150 Lonsdale St., Melbourne 3000, Vic., Australia), Intl. J. Remote Sensing, 13(1), 97-109, Jan. 10, 1992. Demonstrates a pattern-recognition algorithm on Antarctic and Arctic cloud images, finding a large region of extremely low brightness temperatures in East Antarctica during winter that could indicate polar stratospheric cloud.

Item #d92jun38

"A GCM Simulation of the Northern Hemisphere Ozone Field in Early February 1990, Using Satellite Total Ozone for Model Initialization," L.P. Riishojgaard (Danish Meteor. Inst., Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Den.), F. LeFevre et al., Ann. Geophys.--Atmospheres, Hydrospheres, Space Sci., 10(1-2), 54-74, Jan.-Feb. 1992.

Simulations using the stratospheric-tropospheric version of the French GCM Emeraude confirm the hypothesis that a minihole seen in satellite data is partly an artifact due to the simultaneous occurrence of a polar stratospheric cloud, which obscures ozone at the lower levels.

Item #d92jun39

"Diffuse Radiation, Twilight and Photochemistry," D.J. Lary (Dept. Chem., Univ. Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK), J.A. Pyle, J. Atmos. Chem., 13(4), 373-392, Nov. 1991.

Demonstrates a photochemical scheme which includes a detailed treatment of multiple scattering up to a solar zenith angle of 96° . Part I examines partitioning within chemical families and shows the importance of including multiple scattering for polar ozone studies. Part II studies different datasets, showing some factors that are important for modeling at dawn and dusk.

Item #d92jun40

"The Ozone Hole: Dynamical Consequences as Simulated with a Three-Dimensional Model of the Middle Atmosphere," M. Dameris (Inst. Geophys. & Meteor., Univ. zu Köln, A. Magnus Pl., W-5000 Köln 41, Ger.), U. Berger et al., Ann. Geophys., 9(10), 661-668, Oct. 1991.

The mechanistic 3-D model shows clearly that the dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to an ozone hole is not limited to the lower polar stratosphere.

Item #d92jun41

"Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Phase Species of Importance to Ozone Depletion," S. Abramowitz (Chem. Thermodyn. Div., Nat. Inst. Standards & Technol., Gaithersburg MD 20899), M.W. Chase Jr., Pure Appl. Chem., 63(10), 1449-1454, Oct. 1991. The data discussed are applied to several proposed models for ozone depletion.

Item #d92jun42

The following three items are found in the English translation of Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1990:

"Role of Dynamic Circulation Factors in the Decrease in Total Ozone Content over Northern Europe in Autumn of 1985 and 1986," L.S. Volkova (Central Aerolog. Lab.), T.V. Trutko, No. 11, 42-47. Two case studies of ozone "mini-holes" show they are related strongly to synoptic features such as the jet stream.

"Ozone Variations over the Antarctic in 1987-1988," E.A. Zhadin (Central Aerolog. Lab.), V.N. Terletskii, No. 10, 94-97. The observed initiation of ozone decrease at two Antarctic stations did not coincide with the arrival of sunlight after the polar night. Influences of the quasi-biennial cycle are discussed.

"Identification and Elimination of the Temperature Error from M-124 Ozonometer Data," V.A. Kovalev, No. 7, 98-103. Comparison of this Soviet instrument with two others has been made at Boulder, Colorado.