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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 6, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 1993

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS

Item #d93oct21

"Future Emissions of CH₄ from the Natural Gas and Coal Industries," Energy Policy, 21(8), 827-830, Aug. 1993.

Using a simple model (relating fuel use to national population) and published loss rates of CH₄ from the natural gas industry and coal mining, estimates annual increases of CH₄ of 0.7-0.9% (natural gas) and 0.6% (coal mining) through 2025.

Item #d93oct22

"An Estimate of the Anthropogenic Contribution to Atmospheric Methyl Bromide," C.E. Reeves (Sch. Environ. Sci., Univ. E. Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK), S.A. Penkett, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(15), 1563-1566, Aug. 6, 1993.

The best estimate from a global, 2-D atmospheric chemistry model employing a prescribed OH field is a global emission of 91 kt yr-1, with a 54% anthropogenic contribution.

Item #d93oct23

"Are Hydroelectric Reservoirs Significant Sources of Greenhouse Gases?" J.W.M. Rudd (Freshwater Inst., 501 Univ. Crescent, Winnipeg, Man. R3T 2N6, Can.), R. Harris et al., Ambio, 22(4), 246-248, June 1993.

Two studies by the authors indicate that, compared to fossil-fuel electricity generation, some reservoirs may be significant emitters of greenhouse gases, depending on the extent of flooding and other physical, chemical and biological features.

Item #d93oct24

"Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Fossil Fuel Consumption: Two Approaches Compared," D. von Hippel (Tellus Inst., 89 Broad St., Boston MA 02110), P. Raskin et al., Energy Policy, 21(6), 691-702, June 1993.

New results for 1988 CO₂ emissions vary by more than 10% from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's estimates, for 52 of the 139 countries compared. Among the differences between the calculations are the inclusion here of estimates of CO, CH₄ and N₂O from fossil fuel combustion, which together add a global heating effect of about 8% of the CO₂ contribution.

Item #d93oct25

"Atmospheric Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sources, Sinks and Greenhouse Warming," M.K.W. Ko (Atmos. & Environ. Res. Inc., 840 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA 02139), N.D. Sze et al., J. Geophys. Res., 98(D6), 10,499-10,507, June 20, 1993.

Discusses commercial applications of SF6 and derives a global emission rate from an estimate of worldwide production. Determines an atmospheric lifetime using several approaches.

Item #d93oct26

"Automotive Tire Wear as a Source for Atmospheric OCS and CS2," W.H. Pos (Sch. Earth & Atmos. Sci., Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta GA 30332), Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(9), 815-817, May 5, 1993.

Laboratory experiments show that tire wear may provide as much as 6.7% of the total OCS flux to the atmosphere, making a small but significant contribution to its global budget.

Item #d93oct27

"A Compilation of Inventories of Emissions to the Atmosphere," T.E. Graedel (AT&T Bell Labs., Murray Hill NJ 07974), T.S. Bates et al., Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7(1), 1-26, Mar. 1993.

Compiles existing inventories and their characteristics as a contribution toward providing internationally recognized emission inventories suitable for global and regional modeling. The CFC inventory is the only good one; those for CO₂, CH₄, NOx, SO₂ and reduced S are fair. The spatial resolution for some gases in selected regions is well determined, but temporal resolution is almost universally poor.

Item #d93oct28

Two items from Appl. Energy, 44(2), 1993:

"Forecasting Landfill-Gas Yields," N. Gardner (Environ. Resour. Ltd., Units 1-2, Enterprise Pk., Boughton Green Rd., Northampton NN2 7AH, UK), S.D. Probert, 131-163. Reviews models for predicting landfill gas output and compares calculations from one model to observations. Makes recommendations for model improvement.

"Gas Emissions from Landfills and Their Contributions to Global Warming," N. Gardner (addr. immed. above), B.J.W. Manley, J.M. Pearson, 165-174. Describes a method for assessing the amount of landfill gas emitted, and its application in the field to predict potential gas yield from sites in the U.K. Examines the economic viability of utilizing landfill gas, finding the approach to have advantages.