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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 7, NUMBER 7, JULY 1994

REPORTS... GENERAL AND POLICY

Item #d94jul126

Climate Change: Policy Instruments and Their Implications--Proceedings of the Tsukuba Workshop of the IPCC Working Group III, Tsukuba, Japan, 17-20 January, 1994, A. Amano et al., Eds., 407 pp., 1994. Ctr. Global Environ. Res., Natl. Inst. Environ. Studies, Environ. Agency of Japan, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

The workshop was held to provide input to the preparation of the Secondary Assessment Report of the IPCC, especially with regard to the assessment of policy instruments for preventing global climate change (taxes, subsidies, regulatory measures and joint implementation). It also was expected to lead to better understanding of IPCC activities and enhance response capabilities to climate change in the Asia-Pacific region.

Item #d94jul127

UNEP Greenhouse Gas Abatement Costing Studies: Phase Two--Comparing the Cost; Methodological Framework and Results of the Country Studies to Assess Greenhouse Gas Abatement Options [summary document]. Part One: Main Report; Part Two: Country Summaries; Appendix: Guidelines, 1994. UNEP Collaborating Ctr. on Energy & Environ., Ris_ Natl. Lab., POB 49, DK4000 Roskilde, Denmark (tel: +45 4632 2288; fax: +45 4632 1999). Copies of complete country-studies are available directly from each of the 10 countries; for addresses see Part Two.

Phase two was designed to develop and test methodologies for estimating the costs of limiting greenhouse gas emissions by developing countries, by applying consistent guidelines; and to build up capacity for conducting such analyses in these countries. Describes the results from 10 developing and industrialized countries where the common methodology was used. (See feature article in Energy, Econ. & Clim. Change, 2-5, July 1994.)

Item #d94jul128

A Review of Country Case Studies on Climate Change (GEF Paper 7), J. Fuglesvedt, T. Hanisch et al., 70 pp., Feb. 1994, $6.95. World Bank Pubs., 1818 H St. NW, Washington DC 20433 (202-473-2941).

The fourth in a five-volume series concerning the Program for Measuring Incremental Costs for the Environment (PRINCE). Examines several methodological and reporting issues and stresses the importance of comparability.

Item #d94jul129

Boundaries of Future Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction in Nine Industrial Countries--Executive Summary (ECN-C--94-025), T. Kram, Mar. 1994, 16 pp. Netherlands Energy Res. Foundation (ECN), POB 1, 1755 ZG Petten, Neth. (tel: +31 2246 4949).

Summarizes a coordinated analysis of the nine countries using the MARKAL model, under the International Energy Agency's Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP). For each country, determines the mix of energy technologies that would produce a range of national emission reductions at the lowest total energy system cost. Results show considerable diversity.

Item #d94jul130

Climate Change Policy Initiatives--1994 Update, Volume 1, OECD Countries, Intl. Energy Agency, 1994, $53/FF 300/DM 90. OECD Pubs., 2001 L St. NW, S-700, Washington DC 20036 (202-785-6323); or OECD, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France (tel: 33-1-45-24-82-00).

Presents the IEA's account of its member countries' commitments to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and actions taken or planned. Between 1990 and 1992, seven OECD countries had emissions decline by an average of 5.25 %, while in the other 16 countries and the European Union emissions rose by an average of 4.8%.

Item #d94jul131

Human Development Report 1994, U.N. Development Program, 1994. Available from Oxford Univ. Press, 2001 Evans Rd., Cary NC 27413 (800-451-7556); or Saxon Way West, Corby, Northants NN18 9ES, UK (+44 536-741519).

Suggests a variety of ways that industrialized countries could fund limitations of greenhouse gas emissions. These include global tradable pollution allowances that could generate $500 billion to $1 trillion in funding from industrialized countries to developing nations. Other sources include capturing the peace dividend from cuts in military spending, taxing spot transactions in foreign exchange, and global taxes on oil and coal consumption. See Intl. Environ. Rptr., p. 510, June 15, 1994.

Item #d94jul132

Facing the Global Environment Challenge: A Progress Report on World Bank Global Environment Operations, 23 pp., plus appendix, Mar.-May 1994. A bimonthly report from Global Environ. Coordination Div., The World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Rm. S-2145, Washington DC 20433 (202-473-1816). This new publication replaces the former Monthly Operations Report; complimentary one-year subscriptions are being offered.

In this issue are a progress report on the World Bank's global environmental operations (not all of which relate to climate change or stratospheric ozone depletion), and tables of the status of GEF projects (country, description, phase, funding level, and program status).

Item #d94jul133

Vital Signs 1994--The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future, L.R. Brown, H. Kane, D.M. Roodman, 160 pp., 1994, $10.95. Worldwatch Inst., 1776 Mass. Ave. NW, Washington DC 20036 (202-452-1999).

The overview and several key indicators in this periodic publication relate to climate change, greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. The overview includes, "Saving the Ozone Layer." Added to the list of key indicators are trends in carbon emissions, sulfur and nitrogen emissions, and coral reefs.

Item #d94jul134

Climate Treaties and Models: Issues in the International Management of Climate Change (OTA-BP-ENV-128), Off. Technol. Assess. (Washington, D.C.), 28 pp., June 1994, $2.75. Order from New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, POB 371954, Pittsburgh PA 15250 (tel: 202-783-3238; fax: 202-512-2250).

(See news notes.) A background paper based on an April 1993 workshop on computer models, environmental policy and international negotiations. Contains the broad conclusion that delaying the implementation of emission controls 10-20 years will have little effect on atmospheric concentrations, and could greatly reduce the associated costs. However, an accompanying two-page "report brief" qualifies this conclusion somewhat, saying that this would be true if at the end of this period the major countries rapidly freeze emissions, at a rate that may be technologically difficult. Long political delays in reaching a broad international agreement to limit emissions could require serious political activity now.

Item #d94jul135

Science Priorities for the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Natl. Res. Council--Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change (O.R. Young, Chair), 36 pp., 1994. Natl. Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington DC 20418 (800-624-6242 or 202-334-3313).

Responds to expanding the scope of the U.S. Global Change Research Program to emphasize policy-relevant knowledge based on human-environment interactions. Five priorities were identified by the committee: understanding land use change; improving policy analysis; designing policy instruments and institutions to address energy-related environmental problems; assessing impacts, vulnerability and adaptation; understanding population dynamics. A problem-focused approach will ensure that techniques of knowledge integration will be put to practical test.

Item #d94jul136

Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC): Initial Review of Objectives and Scientific Issues, (WCRP-83), SPARC Sci. Steering Group, 39 pp., Dec. 1993. Available from SPARC Off., CNRS, Serv. d'Aéronomie, BP 3, 91371 Verriéres-le-Buisson, France (fax: +33 1 6920 2999).

Discusses a program for coordinated observation, modeling and analysis to understand the effects of stratospheric changes on climate, including how physical and chemical mechanisms interact with the biosphere, for instance through UV-B radiation.

Item #d94jul137

The following four-page Environmental Indicator Bulletins are part of a series that profile the state of Canada's environment and measure progress toward sustainable development. They are updated yearly; technical supplements are available. Request (no charge) from State of the Environ. Reporting Prog., Environ. Canada, Ottawa ON K1A 0H3, Can.

Climate Change, May 1994.

Energy Consumption, Mar. 1994.

Urban Air Quality, Feb. 1994.

Item #d94jul138

The Climate Timebomb, 1994, $15.20/£10. Greenpeace, 1436 U St. NW, Washington DC 20009 (202-462-1177); Greenpeace Intl., Keizergracht 176, 1016 DW Amsterdam, Neth.

Describes a database that catalogs 500 climate impacts since 1990, gathered from scientific and news reports to show evidence of climate change.

Item #d94jul139

The Detection of Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change (DOE Res. Summary, No. 29), B.D. Santer (Livermore Lab., Berkeley, Calif.), 4 pp., Apr. 1994. Available through Carbon Dioxide Info. Analysis Ctr. (CDIAC), U.S. Dept. Energy, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Oak Ridge TN 37831 (615-574-0390).

One of a series of synopses of DOE-sponsored research written for the nonspecialist. Experiments with general circulation models in Europe and the U.S. suggest that temperature patterns may provide the most effective "fingerprint" for detecting greenhouse warming.

Item #d94jul140

The Threat of Global Climate Change--What Can New Yorkers Do? J.K. Healy, A.M. McCarthy et al., 35 pp., Jan. 1994. Single copies free from NYS Bar Assoc., One Elk St., Albany NY 12207.

Prepared by the Environmental Law Section. A variety of measures can be implemented at state and local levels, many of which would have other environmental and economic benefits. Some of these are: update the New York Energy Conservation Code; assign energy managers to public buildings; encourage development of energy efficient products; protect solar access; increase tree planting in public spaces; prohibit purchase of products raised or developed on land reclaimed from tropical rainforests; prohibit burning leaves and trash; forbid prohibition of the use of clotheslines.