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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 7, NUMBER 3, MARCH 1994

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...

• IMPACTS OF UV-B

Item #d94mar86

"Ultraviolet-B Radiation and Ozone Effects on Growth, Yield, and Photosynthesis of Soybean," J.E. Miller (ARS, USDA, 1509 Varsity Dr., Raleigh NC 27606), F.L. Booker et al., J. Environ. Qual., 23(1), 83-91, Jan.-Feb. 1994.

Chamber experiments imply that tropospheric O3 is a much greater threat to soybean production than predicted levels of UV-B radiation.

Item #d94mar87

"Effects of Solar Irradiation on Motility and Pigmentation of Three Species of Phytoplankton," S. Gerber, D.-P. Häder (Inst. Bot. & Pharm. Biol., Friedrich Alexander Univ., Staudtstr. 5, D-8520 Erlangen, Ger.), Environ. Exper. Bot., 33(4), 515-521, Oct. 1993.

Studies on two Cryptomonas species and Euglena gracilis showed that slightly increased UV-B levels may have severe effects on phytoplankton populations.

Item #d94mar88

Two items in Photochem. & Photobiol., 58(4), Oct. 1993:

"Effects of Arctic Ozone Depletion and Snow on UV Exposure in Finland," K. Jokela (Ctr. Radiation & Nuclear Safety, POB 268, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Fin.), K. Leszczynski, R. Visuri, 559-566. The combined effect of ozone depletion and snow reflection in winter had no significant effect on annual exposure because ozone levels returned to normal before the UV increased to biologically significant levels.

"Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Inhibition of Primary Production," O. Holm-Hansen (Polar Res. Prog., Scripps Inst. Oceanog., La Jolla CA 92093), E.W. Helbling, D. Lubin, 567-570. Calculations that account for the extent and duration of low stratospheric ozone concentration from September-November indicate that the decrease in total annual primary production due to enhanced UV-B would be £0.20%.

Item #d94mar89

"Wavelengths Effective in Induction of Malignant Melanoma," R.B. Setlow (Biol. Dept., Brookhaven Natl. Lab, Upton NY 11973), E. Grist et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 90(14), 6666-6670, July 1993. (See GCCD, Oct. 1993.)

Item #d94mar90

"Spectral Balance and UV-B Sensitivity of Soybean: A Field Experiement," M.M. Caldwell (Dept. Range Sci., Utah State Univ., Logan UT 84322), S.D. Flint, P.S. Searles, Plant, Cell & Environ., 17(3), 267-276, Mar. 1994.

Results indicate difficulties in extrapolating from UV-B experiments conducted in glasshouse or growth cabinet conditions to plant UV-B sensitivity in the field.

Item #d94mar91

"Major Role of Ultraviolet-B in Controlling Bacterioplankton Growth in the Surface Layer of the Ocean," G.J. Herndl (Inst. Zool., Univ. Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria), G. Müller-Niklas, J. Frick, Nature, 361(6414), 717-719, Feb. 25, 1993.

Field measurements show that elevated UV-B may reduce bacterial activity, which could lead to increased labile dissolved organic matter.

Item #d94mar92

"Ozone Depletion and Skin Cancer: Attempted Assessment of Future Risks," F.M. Schaart (Free Univ. Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30/W-1000 Berlin 45, Ger.), C. Garbe, C.E. Orfanos, Hautarzt, 44(2), 63-68, Feb. 1993. In German.

Estimates an additional 3000-5000 non-melanomas and 120-400 melanomas per year in Germany during the next few decades due to ozone depletion.

Item #d94mar93

"Possible Effects of Ozone Depletion on the Global Carbon Cycle," T.H. Peng (Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge TN 37831), Radiocarbon, 34(3), 772-779, 1992.

Evaluates possible effects through lowered marine productivity, using box models of the oceans based on the distribution of bomb-produced C14.