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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 7, NUMBERS 11-12, NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1994

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS... ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS

Item #d94nov87

Three items from World Resour. Rev., 6(3), Sep. 1994:

"Production of Greenhouse Gases in the Former Soviet Union [FSU]," T.P. Kolchugina (Civil Eng. Dept., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis OR 97331), T.S. Vinson, 291-303. During the last several years, the FSU ranked fifth in net CO2 emissions, at 0.68 Pg C/yr. The forest sector was a net sink for atmospheric carbon, offsetting about one-half of industrial CO2 emissions. Peatlands were a net source, considering the utilization of peat.

"Propagation of Uncertainty in Carbon Emission Scenarios Through the Global Carbon Cycle," A.A. Keller (Electric Power Res. Inst., POB 10412, Palo Alto CA 94303), R.A. Goldstein, 304-315. Used the GLOCO model to evaluate rising atmospheric CO2 and partitioning of carbon to various compartments as a function of time for several emission scenarios. Correlated the rate of fossil fuel emissions with the partitioning coefficients. A source of uncertainly is the future mix of energy sources, which has both a carbon effect and a nitrogen fertilization effect.

"Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Electric Vehicles Under Varying Driving Cycles in Various Countries and U.S. Cities," M.Q. Wang (Ctr. Transportation Res., Argonne Natl. Lab., 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne IL 60439), W.W. Marr, 316-335. Estimated that, relative to gasoline vehicles, electric vehicles reduce greenhouse gas emissions in all six selected countries and four U.S. cities.

Item #d94nov88

"Solar Combined Thermochemical Processes for CO2 Mitigation in the Iron, Cement, and Syngas Industries," A. Steinfeld (Lab. Energy & Process Technol., Paul Scherrer Inst., 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switz.), G. Thompson, Energy, 19(10), 1077-1081, Oct. 1994.

Thermodynamic analysis and experiments indicate that CO2 emissions can be reduced to zero in these industries. Co-production of synthesis gas with iron or cement, and replacing fossil fuels with solar energy as the source of process heat would allow a 10% reduction in total global anthropogenic emissions.

Item #d94nov89

"Distribution of Emissions of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115 Among Reporting and Non-Reporting Countries in 1986," A. McCulloch (Environ. Dept., ICI Chem. & Polymers Ltd., Runcorn, UK), P.M. Midgley, D.A. Fisher, Atmos. Environ., 28(16), 2567-2582, Sep. 1994.

Estimated emissions for nations that have not reported consumption data by using a relationship between gross domestic product and total consumption of CFCs, a method with half the uncertainties of the usual method. These estimates, combined with national and U.N. data, showed that almost 75% of emissions come from developed nations. The combined data set can be used as input for global atmospheric modeling.

Item #d94nov90

"Concentration and 13C Records of Atmospheric Methane in New Zealand and Antarctica: Evidence for Changes in Methane Sources," D.C. Lowe (Natl. Inst. Water & Atmos. Res. Ltd., POB 31-311, Lower Hutt, New Zealand), C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer et al., J. Geophys. Res., 99(D8), 16,913-16,925, Aug. 20, 1994. (See GCCD, p. 3, Oct.)

Measurements of 13C show a persistent but highly variable seasonal cycle. Modeling suggests that the decline of 13C at two Antarctic locations probably resulted from a recent reduction in biomass burning in the Southern Hemisphere, and lower release of fossil methane in the Northern Hemisphere.

Item #d94nov91

Two items from Intl. J. Hydrogen Energy, 19(8), Aug. 1994:

"Fossil Fuel and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Technologies," M. Steinberg (Dept. Appl. Sci., Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Upton NY 11973), 659-665. (See GCCD, July 1994, for this paper and others on the topic by Savolainen and Davidovits.)

"Possibilities on the Radiation-Induced Incorporation of CO2 and CO into Organic Compounds," N. Getoff (Inst. Theoret. Radiation Chem., Univ. Vienna, Währinger Str., A-1090 Vienna, Austria), 667-672. Aqueous CO2 and CO can be converted or incorporated into simple organic compounds under the influence of ionizing radiation or UV light. The use of CO2 and CO as raw materials for chemical synthesis is explored.

Item #d94nov92

"Turning Attention to Reservoir Surfaces, a Neglected Area in Greenhouse Studies," C.A. Kelly (Dept. Microbiol., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Can.), J.W.M. Rudd et al., Eos, 75(29), 332-333, July 19, 1994.

Outlines research issues related to reservoirs as sources or sinks of CO₂ and methane, focusing on experiments in northern Quebec.

Item #d94nov93

"A Strategy to Reduce CO2 Emissions from Hydrocarbon-Fueled Power Plants by Precombustion Reforming and Deep Ocean Discharge of CO2," G.C. Nihous (Pacific Intl. Ctr. High Technol. Res., Honolulu HI 96822), Y. Mori et al., Intl. J. Hydrogen Energy, 19(4), 387-394, Apr. 1994.

Calculations for a methane power plant, retrofitted with the proposed system, indicate moderate power and cost penalties. Assesses the impact of widespread implementation of the system, and highlights the advantages of moderate hydrocarbon consumption trends and high CO2 discharge fractions.

Item #d94nov94

"An Emission Inventory for the Central European Initiative 1988," Z. Klimont, M. Amann et al., Atmos. Environ., 28(2), 235-246, 1994.

Specialized Papers

Item #d94nov95

"Estimation of GHG Emissions in Egypt up to the Year 2020," Y. ElMahgary (VTT Energy, Finland), A.I. Abdel-Fattah et al., World Resour. Rev., 6(3), 350-368, Sep. 1994.

Item #d94nov96

"Uncertainties in the Calculation of Atmospheric Releases of Chlorofluorocarbons," D.A. Fisher (DuPont Exper. Sta., POB 80320, Wilmington DE 19880), P.M. Midgley, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D8), 16,643-16,650, Aug. 20, 1994.