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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 7, NUMBER 9, SEPTEMBER 1994

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS... EARTH RADIATION BUDGET

Item #d94sep30

"The Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study (ECLIPS) for Cloud-Radiation Research," C.M. Platt (CSIRO, PB 1, Mordialloc, Victoria 3195, Australia), S.A. Young et al., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75(9), 1635-1654, Sep. 1994.

Describes the international scale of this experiment, the range of data being recorded, and methods for retrieving results on cloud-base height, extinction coefficient and infrared emittance. The data are a valuable resource for cloud parameterizations in models, and for model validations.

Item #d94sep31

"The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic Background and Design of the Cloud and Radiation Test Bed," G.M. Stokes (Global Studies Prog., Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, Wash.), S.E. Schwartz, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75(7), 1201-1221, July 1994.

Outlines the scientific background for the program, its objectives, how the field facilities respond to these objectives, and its current status.

Item #d94sep32

"The Role of the Tropical Super Greenhouse Effect in Heating the Ocean," D. Lubin (Calif. Space Inst., Univ. California, La Jolla CA 92093), Science, 265(5169), 224-227, July 8, 1994. (See GCCD, p. 2, Aug. 1994.)

Item #d94sep33

"Photosynthetic Climate in Selected Regions During the Northern Hemisphere Growing Season," R.T. Pinker (Dept. Meteor., Univ. Maryland, College Pk. MD 20742), I. Laszlo, F. Miskolczi, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8(2), 117-125, June 1994.

Derives from satellite data the first consistent information on the temporal and spatial variability in photosynthetically active radiation on a continental scale during a growing season. Such information can be used to develop new parameterizations of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration.

Item #d94sep34

"Size Distribution and Scattering Phase Function of Aerosol Particles Retrieved from Sky Brightness Measurements," Y.J. Kaufman (NASA-Goddard, Code 913, Greenbelt MD 20771), A. Gitelson et al., J. Geophys. Res., 99(D5), 10,341-10,356, May 20, 1994. (See GCCD, p. 8, June 1994.)

Item #d94sep35

"Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles: Remote Sensing and Climatic Implications," K.N. Liou (Dept. Meteor./CARSS, Univ. Utah, Salt Lake City UT 84112), Y. Takano, Atmos. Res., 31(4), 271-298, Apr. 1994.

Calculations of the scattering and absorption properties of ice crystals and aerosols, which are usually nonspherical, pose problems because there is no unique theoretical solution for scattering by nonspherical particles. Using existing laboratory data and theoretical results, this paper illustrates the radiation differences between spherical and nonspherical particles. For instance, equivalent spherical models substantially underestimate the broadband solar albedos of ice crystal clouds. Demonstrates some implications of these differences using a 1-D cloud and climate model.

Item #d94sep36

"Is the Radiation Climate in the Baltic Sea Region Changing?" V. Russak (Inst. Astrophys. & Atmos. Phys., Toravere, EE2444 Estonia), Ambio, 23(2), 160-163, Mar. 1994. (See GCCD, p. 5, Aug. 1994.)

Item #d94sep37

Two items from Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 67(1), Feb. 1994: (See GCCD, p. 5, Aug. 1994.)

"Solar Radiation in Germany: Observed Trends and an Assessment of Their Causes. Part I: Regional Approach," B. Liepert (Meteor. Inst. Univ. München, Theresienstr. 37, D-80333 München, Ger.), P. Fabian, H. Grassl, 15-29.

". . .Part II: Detailed Trend Analysis for Hamburg," G.C. Grabbe (M. Planck Inst. Meteor., Bundesstr. 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Ger.), H. Grassl, 31-37.

Item #d94sep38

"Global Radiation Climate Change at Seven Sites Remote from Surface Sources of Pollution," G. Stanhill (Dept. Agric. Meteor., Agric. Res. Organiz., Bet Dagan, Israel), S. Moreshet, Clim. Change, 26(1), 89-103, Jan. 1994. (See GCCD, p. 5, Aug. 1994.)

Item #d94sep39

"The Importance of Atmospheric Chemistry in the Calculation of Radiative Forcing on the Climate System," D.A. Hauglustaine (Service d' Aéronomie, CNRS, Univ. Paris VI, BP 102, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France), C. Granier et al., J. Geophys. Res., 99(D1), 1173-1186, Jan. 20, 1994. (See GCCD, p. 3, June 1994.)

Specialized Papers

Item #d94sep40

"The Significance of Detailed Structure in the Boundary Layer to Thermal Radiation at the Surface in Climate Models," W. Zhao (Appl. Res. Corp, NASA-Goddard, Code 913, Greenbelt MD 20771), W.R. Kuhn, S.R. Drayson, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(15), 1631-1634, July 15, 1994.

Item #d94sep41

"Spectroscopic Parameters of Atmospheric Gases," J.-M. Flaud (Lab. Phys. Moléculaire, CNRS, Bte 76, Univ. P. & M. Curie, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France), Atmos. Res., 31, 299-313, 1994. Presents extensive data generated to meet the needs of atmospheric measurements, their status, and future needs.

Item #d94sep42

"Role of Small Ice Crystals in Radiative Properties of Cirrus: A Case Study, FIRE II, November 1991," W.P. Arnott (Atmos. Sci. Ctr., Desert Res. Inst., Univ. Nevada, Reno NV 89512), Y.-Y. Dong et al., J. Geophys. Res., 99(D1), 1371-1381, Jan. 20, 1994.

Item #d94sep43

"Parameterization of the Cloud Optical Thickness: Influence of Clear Air Entrainment," C. Pontikis (Lab. Phys. Atmos. Trop., U.A.G., 97159 Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadaloupe, French W. Indies), Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(23), 2655-2658, Dec. 14, 1993.