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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY 1995

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY

Item #d95feb41

"Ice Sheets and Sea Level," and "Dominant Influence of Atmospheric Circulation on Snow Accumulation in Greenland over the Past 18,000 Years," (see PROF. PUBS./GEN. INTEREST).

Item #d95feb42

Two related items in Nature, 372(6507), Dec. 15, 1994:

"Ice Cores North and South," J. Jouzel (Lab. Modél. Clim. & Environ., CEA-DSM, Ctr. d'études de Saclay, Orme des merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France), 612-613. Comments on the following paper.

"Climate Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica During the Past 100,000 Years," M. Bender (Grad. Sch. Oceanog., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston RI 02881), T. Sowers et al., 663-666. Compares the oxygen isotope profiles of deep ice cores in east Antarctica and Greenland. Finds that interstadials occurred in Antarctica when those in Greenland lasted longer than 2,000 years. The climate teleconnection between the areas may be due to partial deglaciation and changes in ocean circulation. Ice older than 115 kyr in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) core shows rapid variations in the d18O of O2 that have no counterpart in the Antarctica record, indicating that age-depth relationships for this part of GISP2 may be significantly disturbed.

Item #d95feb43

"Fast Flickers in the Tropics," R. Zahn (GEOMAR Res. Ctr., Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Ger.), ibid., 621-622.

Abrupt climate variability has been inferred from environmental records from the subpolar North Atlantic and the Greenland ice sheet. However, F. Gasse and E. van Campo (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 126, 435-456, 1994) conclude that climate in tropical regions did not always parallel that at higher latitudes. Discusses the studies needed to better understand coupled ocean-atmosphere forcing of continental climate.

Item #d95feb44

"The Accumulation Record from the GISP2 Core as an Indicator of Climate Change Throughout the Holocene," D.A. Meese (U.S. Army Cold Regions Res. & Eng. Lab., 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover NH 03755), A.J. Gow et al., Science, 266(5191), 1680-1682, Dec. 9, 1994.

Establishes a depth-age scale and accumulation history on the GISP2 deep core for the Holocene, providing the most continuously dated record of annual layer accumulation now available. Examines climate events, including "Little Ice Age" type events.

Item #d95feb45

"Massive Iceberg Discharges as Triggers for Global Climate Change," (see PROF. PUBS./GEN. INTEREST).

Item #d95feb46

Four items from Global & Planetary Change, 9(3-4), Dec. 1994:

"Simulating Past Climates. The Data-Model Connection," R.Z. Poore (USGS, MS 955, Natl. Ctr., Reston VA 22092), M.A. Chandler, 165-167. Reports on the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM) and the GISS GCM. GISS simulation using PRISM data provides a first step in the interactive process of data collection, analysis, model experimentation and data/model comparison. The project involves close cooperation between data and modeling groups.

"Joint Investigations of the Middle Pliocene Climate I: PRISM Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions," H. Dowsett (USGS, 970 Natl. Ctr., Reston VA 22092), R. Thompson et al., 169-195. Reconstruction from paleontological data indicates that sea level was at least 25 m higher than present, due partly to the reduced size of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Sea surface temperatures were similar to present in tropical regions but were significantly warmer at higher latitudes. The Arctic and Antarctic were seasonally ice free with greatly reduced sea ice extent relative to present winter.

". . II. GISS GCM Northern Hemisphere Results," M. Chandler (NASA Goddard Inst. Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York NY 10025), D. Rind, R. Thompson, 197-219. A simulation specifying sea surface temperatures and vegetation distributions results in 1.4·C warming, annually averaged over the Northern Hemisphere. Warming is greatest at high latitudes. At low latitudes, temperatures are mostly unchanged except for an anomalous 3·C cooling over eastern Africa that is supported by palynological data.

"New Atmospheric pCO₂ Estimates from Paleosols During the Late Paleocene/Early Eocene Global Warming Interval," A. Sinha (Dept. Geol. Sci., Univ. Southern Calif., Los Angeles CA 90089), L.D. Stott, 297-307. Carbon isotopic data from the co-existing paleosols organic matter and carbonates from a terrestrial sequence contradict the notion that an increase in atmospheric CO₂ level was the cause of extreme warming during this period.

Item #d95feb47

"Proxy Paradox for P-Prediction," (see MARINE PRODUCTIVITY, this issue.)

Item #d95feb48

"Marked Post-18th Century Environmental Change in High-Arctic Ecosystems," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Oct. 1994).

Item #d95feb49

"Climate Variations in Europe over the Past 140 kyr Deduced from Rock Magnetism," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Oct 1994).

Item #d95feb50

Four items from Nature, 371(6495), Sep. 22, 1994:

"Learning from Past Climates," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Jan. 1995).

Articles by Zahn, Keigwin et al., and McManus et al. were listed in Global Climate Change Digest, pp. 2-3, Oct.

Item #d95feb51

"Drilled Cores Divulge History of Continental and Oceanic Paleoclimate," Ocean Drilling Prog. (Sci. Operations, Texas A&M Univ. Res. Pk., 1000 Discovery Dr., College Sta. TX 77845), Eos, 435-437, Sep. 20, 1994.

Sediment cores from the Amazon deep-sea fan contain a high-resolution record that is potentially of the same resolution as the ice core record, but in a critical equatorial area.

Item #d95feb52

"Climatic Implications of an 8000-Year Hydrogen Isotope Time Series from Bristlecone Pine Trees," (see Trends section).

Item #d95feb53

"Chill over the Cretaceous," and "Cooler Estimates of Cretaceous Temperatures," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Sep. 1994).

Item #d95feb54

"Climatic Influences on the Growth of Subalpine Trees in the Colorado Front Range," R. Villalba (Dept. Geog., Univ. Colorado, Boulder CO 80309), T.T. Veblen, J. Ogden, Ecology, 75(5), 1450-1462, July 1994.

Uses correlation and response function analyses to compare variations in ring widths with monthly temperature and precipitation records. At the driest sites growth of Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa tracked climatic variation similarly. At mesic and wet sites, however, these species differed in their responses. Concludes that differences in tree growth responses to climatic variation can be used an indicators of environmental differences among subalpine habitats.

Item #d95feb55

"An Ice-Core-Based Record of Biomass Burning in the Arctic and Subarctic, 1750-1980," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Jan. 1995).

Item #d95feb56

"Drowned Trees Record Dry Spell," and "Extreme and Persistent Drought in California and Patagonia During Mediaeval Time," (see Global Climate Change Digest, p. 4, July).

Item #d95feb57

"Younger Dryas Age Advance of Franz Josef Glacier in the Southern Alps of New Zealand," (see Global Climate Change Digest, June 1994).

Item #d95feb58

"The Paleoclimatic Record Provided by Eolian Deposition in the Deep Sea: The Geologic History of Wind," D.K. Rea (Dept. Geol. Sci., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109), Rev. Geophys., 32(2), 159-195, May 1994.

Reviews the use of dust records preserved in deep sea sediments as a proxy indicator of past continental climates and atmospheric transport processes. Eolian flux data show that most of the Northern Hemisphere was more arid during glacial maxima, with three to five times as much dust transported during glacial stages than during interglacials.

Item #d95feb59

"Deep Pleistocene Iceberg Plowmarks on the Yermak Plateau: Sidescan and 3.5 kHz Evidence for Thick Calving Ice Fronts and a Possible Marine Ice Sheet in the Arctic Ocean," P.R. Vogt (Mar. Geosci. Div., Naval Res. Lab., Washington DC 20375), K. Crane, E. Sundvor, Geology, 22(5), 403-406, May 1994.

Sonar testing results imply the past existence of continuous grounded ice, 400-600 m thick, consistent with but not proving the existence of an Arctic ice sheet during the Pleistocene. If the theory of a floating ice sheet were proven, it could mean that Eurasian and Canadian ice sheets were once physically linked, challenging current modeling approaches.

Item #d95feb60

"Origins and Variations of Fluoride in Greenland Precipitation," (see Global Climate Change Digest, July 1994).

Item #d95feb61

"Estimating Thermal Forcings of Greenhouse Gases from Ancient Climates: The Problem of Statistical Confounding," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Aug. 1994).

Item #d95feb62

"Trends in Stomatal Density and 13C/12C Ratios of Pinus flexilis Needles During Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle," (see Global Climate Change Digest, Aug. 1994).

Item #d95feb63

"Influence of Atmospheric CO₂ on the Decline of C4 Plants During the Last Deglaciation," (see Global Climate Change Digest, June 1994).

Item #d95feb64

"South American Tree Rings Show Declining d13C Trend," (see Global Climate Change Digest, p. 6, Aug.).

Item #d95feb65

"The Continental Carbon Cycle During the Last Glacial Maximum," (see Global Climate Change Digest, p. 6, Aug.).

Item #d95feb66

"Measures of Productivity," and "231Pa/230Th Ratios in Sediments as a Proxy for Past Changes in Southern Ocean Productivity," (see Global Climate Change Digest, p. 9, June).

Item #d95feb67

"Azorella selago Hook. Used to Estimate Glacier Fluctuations and Climatic History in the Kerguelen Islands over the Last Two Centuries," Y. Frenot (Sta. Biol., Univ. Rennes I, URA 696 CNRS, F-35380 Paimpont, France), J.C. Gloaguen et al., Oecologia, 95(1), 140-144, 1993.

Uses a new biological dating technique, combined with geomorphological observations, to reconstruct the cool and warm events in these subantarctic islands. The current dramatic glacial retreat on Kerguelen is related to a major change in the climate and could illustrate a more general Southern Hemispheric pattern of glacial fluctuations.

Specialized Papers

Item #d95feb68

Comment on seasonal precipitation timing and ice core records, Science, 266(5192), 1885-1886, Dec. 16, 1994.

Item #d95feb69

"Subsurface Temperature-Depth Profiles, Anomalies Due to Climatic Ground Surface Temperature Changes or Groundwater Flow Effects," I.T. Kukkonen (Dept. Geophys., Geol. Surv. Finland, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland), V. Cermák, J. Safanda, Global & Planetary Change, 9(3-4), 221-232, Dec. 1994.

Item #d95feb70

"Greenland Precipitation Estimates from the Atmospheric Moisture Budget," F.M. Robasky (Byrd Polar Res. Ctr., Ohio State Univ., 108 Scott Hall, 1090 Carmack Rd., Columbus OH 43210), D.H. Bromwich, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(23), 2495-2498, Nov. 15, 1994.

Item #d95feb71

Two items from ibid., 21(22), Nov. 1, 1994:

"Climatic Impact of the A.D. 1783 Asama (Japan) Eruption Was Minimal: Evidence from the GISP2 Ice Core," G.A. Zielinski (Glacier Res. Group, Univ. New Hampshire, Durham NH 03824), R.J. Fiacco et al., 2365-2368.

"High-Resolution d13C Measurements of Oak Show a Previously Unobserved Spring Depletion," N. Ogle (Radiocarbon Lab., Palaeoecol. Ctr., Sch. Geosci., Queen's Univ., Belfast, UK), F.G. McCormac, 2373-2375.

Item #d95feb72

"Terrestrial Carbon Storage at the LGM [Last Glacial Maximum]," M.I. Bird (Res. Sch. Earth Sci., Australian Natl. Univ., Canberra ACT 0200, Australia), J. Lloyd, G.D. Farquhar, Nature, 371(6498), 566, Oct. 13, 1994.

Item #d95feb73

"Small Changes in the Sea Surface Temperature During the Last 20,000 Years: Molecular Evidence from the Western Tropical Pacific," N. Ohkouchi (Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai Nakano-ku Tokyo 164, Japan), K. Kawamura et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(20), 2207-2210, Oct. 1, 1994.

Item #d95feb74

Correspondence concerning reconstructing Pleistocene atmospheric CO₂ concentrations based on the stable carbon isotope composition (d13C) of mosses and sedges from peat cores, Nature, 371(6493), 111-112, Sep. 8, 1994.

Item #d95feb75

"The Dole Effect and Its Variations During the Last 130,000 Years as Measured in the Vostok Ice Core," M. Bender (Grad. Sch. Oceanog., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston RI 02881), T. Sowers, L. Labeyrie, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8(3), 363-376, Sep. 1994.

Item #d95feb76

Letter concerning climate and the pollen record, Nature, 370(6490), 513, Aug. 18, 1994.

Item #d95feb77

"Moisture Supply for Northern Ice-Sheet Growth During the Last Glacial Maximum," D. Hebbein (Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Univ. Bremen, POB 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Ger.), T. Dokken et al., ibid., 370(6488), 357-360, Aug. 4, 1994.

Item #d95feb78

"Zinc and Carbon Co-Limitation of Marine Phytoplankton," (see Global Climate Change Digest, p. 3, July).

Item #d95feb79

"Spatial Regression Methods in Dendroclimatology: A Review and Comparison of Two Techniques," E.R. Cook (Tree-Ring Lab., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observ., Palisades NY 10964), K.R. Briffa, P.D. Jones, Intl. J. Climatol., 14(4), 379-402, May 1994.

Item #d95feb80

"High Resolution Climatic Information from Short Firn Cores, Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica," E. Isaksson (Dept. Phys. Geog., Univ. Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Swed.), W. Karlén, Clim. Change, 26(4), 421-434, Apr. 1994.

Item #d95feb81

"Solar Influences on Holocene Treeline Altitude Variability in the Sierra Nevada," L.A. Scuderi (Geog. Dept., Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131), Phys. Geog., 15(2), 146-165, Mar.-Apr. 1994.

Item #d95feb82

"A 5000-Year Record of Extreme Floods and Climate Change in the Southwestern United States," (see Global Climate Change Digest, June 1994).