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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 8, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1995

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE

Item #d95jan53

"Total Ozone Changes over Eurasia Since 1973 Based on Re-evaluated Filter Ozonometer Data," R.D. Bojkov (Atmos. Environ. Serv., 4905 Dufferin St., Downsview ON M3H 5T4, Can.), V.E. Fioletov, A.M. Shalamjansky, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D11), 22,985-22,999, Nov. 20, 1994.

Uses data from 45 stations in the former USSR to make the first comparison of ozone levels between eastern Siberia and the European area. Results show a steady ozone decline similar to that deduced from Dobson stations at the same latitudes.

Item #d95jan54

Special section: "The Stratospheric Photochemistry Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) and Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE-II)," Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(23), 253 ff., Nov. 15, 1994. Consists of 19 papers. The missions recorded trace species and aerosols at middle and high latitudes spanning the input and decay of debris from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. They provided the first simultaneous in situ measurements of radicals and reservoir species of all important families of stratospheric reactants, observed as functions of time of day (at 18 km), latitude, and altitude (15-20 km). The results answered several long-standing questions and provided constraints on our understanding of the effects of supersonic aviation, volcanic eruptions, and CFCs, and on rates for stratospheric transport. The data established the dominance of HOx radicals in the catalytic recombination of ozone between 15 and 20 km.

Item #d95jan55

Three items from ibid., 21(22), Nov. 1, 1994:

"FTIR Measurements of HF, N₂O and CFCs During the Arctic Polar Night with the Moon as Light Source, Subsidence During Winter 1992/93," J. Notholt (Wegener Inst. Polar & Meeresforsch., Forschungsstelle Potsdam, POB 600149, D-14401 Potsdam, Ger.), 2385-2388. A study of vertical motions in the polar winter stratosphere.

"The Anomalous Arctic Lower Stratospheric Polar Vortex of 1992-1993," G.L. Manney (Jet Propulsion Lab., 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena CA 91109), R.W. Zurek et al., 2405-2408. The vortex was much more isolated than usual; such isolation delays and reduces export of the higher ozone typical of the winter lower stratospheric vortex to midlatitudes. The delay and reduction may have contributed to the record low total ozone in northern midlatitudes in 1993.

Item #d95jan56

"New Evidence for Ozone Depletion in the Upper Atmosphere," H. Claude, F. Schönenborn et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(22), 2409-2412, Nov. 1, 1994. (See Global Climate Change Digest, Nov.-Dec. 1994)

Item #d95jan57

Five items from J. Geophys. Res., 99(D10), Oct. 20, 1994:

"On the Role of Iodine in Ozone Depletion," S. Solomon (Aeron. Lab., NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), R.R. Garcia, A.R. Ravishankara, 20,491-20,499. Speculates that iodine chemistry is a factor in determining the widespread depletion of lower stratospheric ozone, and played a role in the sudden springtime surface ozone loss observed in the Arctic.

"Comparison of Satellite Measurements of Ozone and Ozone Trends," D.W. Rusch (Lab. Atmos. & Space Phys., Univ. Colorado, Boulder CO 80309), R.T. Clancy, P.K. Bhartia, 20,501-20,511. Measurements using TOMS, SBUV and SAGE I and II showed good agreement for absolute densities of ozone, but long-term changes (1979-1990) disagreed as a function of pressure and in the integrated ozone amount. Generally trends were negative.

"Comparison of SBUV and SAGE II Ozone Profiles: Implications for Ozone Trends," R.D. McPeters (NASA-Goddard, Greenbelt MD 20771), T. Miles et al., 20,513-20,524. SBUV and SAGE II agreed in showing little ozone change from 1984 to 1990, except in one layer where SAGE II measured a large ozone decrease. Over 11 years, SBUV measured a 7% per decade ozone decrease between 40 and 50 km, decreasing in magnitude at lower altitudes, in good agreement with 11-year trends derived from the average of 5 Umkehr stations.

"The Permeability of the Antarctic Vortex Edge," P. Chen (CIRES, Univ. Colorado, Boulder CO 80309), 20,563-20,571. Investigated mixing and cross-vortex mass transport along isentropic surfaces in the lower stratosphere with a contour advection technique and a semi-Lagrangian transport model for the 1993 winter, using analyzed winds. A transition layer appears to exist around the 400 K isentropic surface, above which the vortex is almost completely isolated from the midlatitudes and below which the vortex is less isolated.

"The Solar Cycle Variation of Ozone in the Stratosphere Inferred from Nimbus 7 and NOAA 11 Satellites," S. Chandra (NASA-Goddard, Greenbelt MD 20771), R.D. McPeters, 20,665-20,671. Shows that a 2% change in total column ozone and a 5-7% change in ozone mixing ratio in the upper stratosphere may be attributed to the change in the solar UV flux over a solar cycle.

Item #d95jan58

"Effect of Ozone Depletion on Atmospheric CH4 and CO Concentrations," S. Bekki, K.S. Law, J.A. Pyle, Nature, 371(6498), 595-597, Oct. 13, 1994. (See Global Climate Change Digest, Oct. 1994)

Specialized Papers

Item #d95jan59

"Freezing Temperatures of H2SO4/HNO3/H2O Mixtures: Implications for Polar Stratospheric Clouds," N. Song (Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr., Champaign IL 61820), Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(24), 2709-2712, Dec. 1, 1994.

Item #d95jan60

Three items from ibid., 21(23), Nov. 15, 1994:

"Temperature Averages and Rates of Stratospheric Reactions," D.M. Murphy (Aeron. Lab., NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), A.R. Ravishankara, 2471-2474.

"Analysis of the Physical State of One Arctic Polar Stratospheric Cloud Based on Observations," K. Drdla (NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder CO 80307), A. Tabazadeh et al., 2475-2478.

"Stratospheric Aerosol Growth and HNO3 Gas Phase Depletion from Coupled HNO3 and Water Uptake by Liquid Particles," K.S. Carslaw (M. Planck Inst. Chem., POB 3060, D-6500 Mainz, Ger.), B.P. Luo et al., 2479-2482.

Item #d95jan61

"The Uptake of N₂O5 onto Small Sulfuric Acid Particles," D.R. Hanson (Aeron. Lab., NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), E.R. Lovejoy, ibid., 21(22), 2401-2404, Nov. 1, 1994.

Item #d95jan62

Five items from J. Geophys. Res., 99(D10), Oct. 20, 1994:

"Two-Dimensional Simulation of Pinatubo Aerosol and Its Effect on Stratospheric Ozone," X.X. Tie (NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder CO 80307), G.P. Brasseur et al., 20,545-20,562.

"Spread of Denitrification from 1987 Antarctic and 1988-1989 Arctic Stratospheric Vortices," A.F. Tuck (Aeron. Lab., NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), D.W. Fahey et al., 20,573-20,583.

"Climatology of Large-Scale Isentropic Mixing in the Arctic Winter Stratosphere from Analyzed Winds," S.P. Dahlberg (Clim. Sys. Res. Prog., Texas A&M Univ., College Sta. TX 77843), K.P. Bowman, 20,585-20,599.

"New Photolysis System for NO2 Measurements in the Lower Stratosphere," R.S. Gao (Aeron. Lab., NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303), E.R. Keim et al., 20,673-20,681.

"Evolution of the 1991-1992 Arctic Vortex and Comparison with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory SKYHI General Circulation Model," S.E. Strahan (NASA-Goddard, Greenbelt MD 20771), J.E. Rosenfield et al., 20,713-20,723.