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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 9, NUMBER 6, JUNE 1996

REPORTS...
EMISSIONS ANALYSES

Item #d96jun53

Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-1994 (EPA 230-R-96-006), Apr. 1996 (EPA/Policy or BNA), or contact the EPA's Natl. Ctr. for Environ. Publications (fax: 513 489 8695).

Prepared as part of the U.S. obligation under the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Emissions of CO₂ increased 4% from 1990 to 1994. Although CO₂ emissions dropped in 1991, they have increased since then because an improved economy led to greater energy generation. Emissions of CH₄ rose 3.8% and those of N₂O increased by 10.8%. The emissions for HFCs and PFCs (both CFC substitutes) increased by 25%.

Item #d96jun54

Report from the Commission Under Council Decision 93/389/EEC. Second Evaluation of National Programs Under the Monitoring Mechanism of Community CO₂ and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1996. Contact Jesper JØrgensen, European Commission (tel: 32 2 296 8697).

Includes estimates of increases in CO₂ emissions in European Union countries based on three scenarios, which used varied methods of compilation and assumptions of economic growth. A "conventional wisdom" estimate, finds that CO₂ emissions could increase by up to 5% between 1990 and 2000, and by even more if energy prices are low or economic growth accelerates. Emissions have declined in only 3 of 15 member states (Austria, Germany and the U.K.). The report has prompted criticism of the EU for lack of progress in curbing CO₂ emissions.

Item #d96jun55

Planning for the Indian Power Sector: Environmental and Development Considerations. Executive Summary, 20 pp., June 1996 (Conference Board). (The full report contains nine studies in 365 pages.)

A joint study by Canada and India of India's electricity needs. Projects, as a "best case," a fourfold increase in carbon dioxide levels in 2021 when compared with 1996 levels. Other scenarios envision as much as an eight-fold increase. To meet its energy needs, India will need 100,000 to 150,000 MW of generating capacity in the next 15 years, most of which will be supplied by coal.

Item #d96jun56

International Energy Outlook 1996, U.S. Energy Info. Admin., May 1996, no charge (EIA).

Estimates global CO₂ emissions will increase 54% over 1990 levels by year 2015; developing countries will account for a disproportionate share of the rise, which will be fueled mainly by oil consumption. Natural gas use is expected to grow from 3% to 25% of world energy consumption. Renewable energy sources will only increase from 8% to 9.2%.

Item #d96jun57

Annual Energy Outlook 1996, U.S. Energy Info. Admin., Jan. 1996, no charge (EIA).

(See News, this Digest issue--June 1996.) Gives projections through year 2015 of CO₂ emissions, use of various types of energy, and fossil fuel use.

Item #d96jun58

OECD Environmental Data—Compendium 1995, 306 pp., 1996 $69/DM102/FF350 (OECD).

Published every two years, this book offers internationally comparable environmental data from OECD countries and parts of Central and Eastern Europe. The data, including CO₂ emissions, show conditions and trends since 1980 from economic activities and responses by administrations, households and enterprises, and show where progress has or has not been made.

Item #d96jun59

OECD Environmental Performance Review. United States, 1996, $35 (OECD).

Covers a broad range of activities, noting that the U.S. remains one of the most energy-intensive economies in the OECD. Because of its worldwide prominence, the progress the U.S. makes will have a strong influence on other OECD countries. Recommends that the U.S. consider higher energy taxes.

Item #d96jun60

Majority Report to the President by the Policy Dialogue Advisory Committee to Recommend Options for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Personal Motor Vehicles, approx 50 pp., Oct. 1995. Available from Air Docket, U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, M-1500, Washington DC 20460; or Sierra Club, 408 C St. NE, Washington DC 20002 (202 547 1141). See News, this Digest issue--June 1996.

Item #d96jun61

State Workbook. Methodologies for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2nd Ed. (EPA 230-B-95-001), 1995 (EPA/Policy).

Inventories are being compiled, in cooperation with universities and government agencies, using a standardized methodology.

Item #d96jun62

Real-World Emissions from Model Year 1993, 2000 and 2010 Passenger Cars, M. Ross, R. Goodwin et al., 99 pp., 1995, $20 (ACEEE).

Addresses why actual automotive emissions of CO, HC and NOx greatly exceed the values expected from tighter tailpipe standards. Also identifies opportunities for substantial emissions reductions and provides recommendations to regulators and auto makers for realizing these gains through more careful design of on-board emissions control systems.