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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 11, NUMBER 3, MARCH 1998

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
OZONE DEPLETION: Ultraviolet Radiation

Item #d98mar75

"Effects on Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature During the Maunder Minimum," D.J. Wuebbles (Dept. Atmos. Sci., Univ. Illinois, Urbana-Champaign IL 61801; e-mail: wuebbles@uiuc.edu), C.-F. Wei, K.O. Patten,Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(4), 523-526, Feb. 15, 1998.

Determines that reduced solar output during the Maunder minimum (1645-1715) led to a 3% decrease in stratospheric ozone, with a consequent increase in UV radiation and altered radiative forcing. Such events are likely to happen again in the future.

Item #d98mar76

"Ambient UV-B Radiation Causes Deformities in Amphibian Embryos," A.R. Blaustein (Dept. Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis OR 97331; e-mail: blaustea@bcc.orst.edu), J.M. Kiesecker et al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 94, 13,735-13,737, Dec. 1997. Also available on the Internet at this Web site: http://www.pnas.org.

Field experiments showed that salamander embryos under UV-B shields had higher hatching rates, fewer deformities, and developed faster than those exposed to UV-B.

Item #d98mar77

"Past Ultraviolet Radiation Environments in Lakes Derived from Fossil Pigments," P.R. Leavitt (Limnol. Lab., Dept. Biol., Univ. Regina, Regina S4S 0A2 SK, Can.; e-mail: Leavitt@leroy.cc.uregina.ca), R.D. Vinebrooke et al.,Nature, 388(6641), 457-459, July 31, 1997.

Analysis of fossil profiles from the sediments of two mountain lakes suggests that past UV radiation penetration has sometimes been greater than during the current period of anthropogenic ozone depletion.

Item #d98mar78

"New Maximum UV Irradiance Levels Observed in Central Europe," G. Seckmeyer (Fraunhofer Inst. for Atmos. Environ. Res., Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Ger.), B. Mayer et al.,Atmos. Environ., 31(18), 2971-2976, Sep. 1997.

Simultaneous measurements of UV were made at two adjacent sites at different altitudes, 730 and 2964 meters a.s.l., during a June minimum in total ozone. Although day-to-day levels of UV changed greatly, the monthly average remained typical. This is important because rapid, prolonged changes may not give enough time for natural adaptation mechanisms. Results also indicate that extrapolation to different altitudes from a single site is difficult.