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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999
FROM VOLUME 12, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1999
JOURNAL ARTICLES...
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Item #d99jan23
“Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Extreme
Storms: The Case of Revere, MA., USA,” G. E. Clark et al.,Mitigation
& Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 3 (1), 59-85 (1998).
Vulnerability of areas of a coastal city were mapped and assessed in
terms of the income and resources of the residents, race and ethnicity,
educational level, lifelines (e.g., transportation and communication
capabilities), transience, immigrants, value of built environment and
housing, disabilities, residents’ age, and family structure (size).
This allowed visualizing areas of higher and lower vulnerability (i.e.,
the ability of the community to coastal hazards), simulating the effects
of potential hazards (storms, floods, etc.), and identifying opportunities
for improving hazard management.
Item #d99jan24
“Do Fuel Efficiency Improvements Really Increase Travel?” David
Bernstein,World Resource Rev. 10 (3), 384- 391 (1998).
No.
Item #d99jan25
“Far Reach of the Tenth Century Eldgjá Eruption, Iceland,”
R. B. Stothers,Climatic Change 39 (4), 715-726 (1998).
A massive volcanic eruption in Iceland about AD 934 has been dated by
stratigraphic analysis of the local geology, carbon dating of trees burned
by the lava, deposition in Greenland ice layers, and historic accounts of
the Viking settlements established there during that period. Although this
was during the Dark Ages, historic documents from across Europe can be
pieced together to gain insight into the ecological, social, health, and
economic effects of the extended climate change induced by the eruption:
- The Sun was dimmed over Ireland, Portugal, Germany, and France, even
appearing blood red for a short while.
- Exceptionally cold weather was experienced in Europe and the Middle
East; Baghdad received unusual heavy snowfalls; in Constantinople, the
earth was frozen for 120 days; a long and bitterly cold winter occurred
in Ireland; the Meuse River near Liège was frozen from November
to March.
- Agriculture was reported as unproductive in Iran.
- Famine followed across the Middle East.
- Pestilence was described in France and Iran.
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