Allenby, B. and D.J. Richards, 1994: The Greening of Industrial Ecosystems. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 259 pp.

Altehnpohl, D., 1980: Materials in World Perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 60 pp.

Aluminum Association, Inc., Department of Economics and Statistics, 1991: Patterns of Energy and Fuel Usage in the U.S. Aluminum Industry: Full Year 1989. Report to the U.S. Department of Energy, 11 pp.

American Forest and Paper Association, 1993: U.S. Pulp and Paper IndustryÕs Energy UseÑCalendar Year 1992. American Forest and Paper Association, Washington, DC, 19 pp.

Ayres, R. and U. Simonis (eds.), 1994: Industrial metabolism: theory and policy. In: Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development. United Nations University Press. Tokyo, Japan, pp. 3-20.

Baldwin, S.F., 1989: Energy-efficient electric motor drive systems. In: Electricity: Efficient End-Use and New Generation Technologies and Their Planning Implications [Johansson, T.B., B. Bodlund, and R.H. Williams (eds.)]. Lund University Press, Lund, Sweden, pp. 21-58.

Bending, R.C., R.K. Cattell, and R.J. Eden, 1987: Energy and structural change in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. Annual Review of Energy, 12, 185-222.

Berdowski, J.J.M., J.G.J. Olivier, and C. Veldt, 1993: Methane from combustion and industrial processes. In: Methane and Nitrous Oxide: Methods in National Emissions Inventories and Options for Control. Proceedings of International IPPC Workshop, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands, pp. 131-142.

Brick Institute of America, 1994: Brick Production and Shipments Report. Brick Institute of America, Reston, VA, 5 pp.

Brown, J.G., 1987: The International Sugar Industry: Development and Prospects. World Bank, Washington, DC, 69 pp.

Brown, L.R., N. Lenssen, and H. Kane, 1995: Vital Signs 1995. Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC, pp. 66-67.

CDIAC, 1992: Trends Õ91: A Compendium of Data on Climate Change. ORNL/CDIAC-46. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 665 pp.

Chandler, W.U., 1985: Energy Productivity: Key to Environmental Protection and Economic Progress. Worldwatch Paper 63, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC, 63 pp.

Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1994: Personal communication, 27 January 1994, Washington, DC, 5 pp.

Chemical Week, 1992: Finding the answer in technology, 17 June 1992, p. 79.

Corcoran, E., 1994: A waste not, want not goal: fledgling firm takes a lesson from steelmakers to recycle industrial waste. The Washington Post, 22 February, pp. E1, E4.

di Primio, J.C., 1993: Estimates of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuels Combustion in the Main Sectors of Selected Countries 1971-1990. BMFT (Bundesminister fur J Forshung and Technologie), Ikarus Teilproject 9, Julich, Germany, 177 pp.

EIA, 1993: Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1985-1990. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, 99 pp.

EMF, 1994: Final First Round Study Design for EMF 14: Integrated Assessment of Climate Change, September 19, 1994. Energy Modeling Forum, Stanford University, Stanford,CA, 30 pp.

Fabian, P., R. Borchers, B.C. KrŸger, and S. Lal, 1987: CF4 and C2F6 in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9831-9835.

Forrest, D. and J. Szekely, 1991: Global warming and the primary metals industry. Journal of Metals, December, 23-30.

Franklin Associates, 1990: A Comparison of Energy Consumption by the Plastics Industry to Total Energy Consumption in the US. Franklin Associates Ltd., November, pp. 4-7.

Frosch, R.A., 1995: The industrial ecology of the 21st century. Scientific American, 273(3), 178-181.

GCC, 1993: Energy Efficiency in US Industry: Accomplishments and Outlook. The Global Climate Coalition, October, Washington, DC, 104 pp.

Gielen, D.J., et al., 1993: Cost Effective CO2 Reduction in Coupled Energy and Materials Systems. Working Paper, ECN Policy Studies, Netherlands.

Giraud, P.N., A. Nadai, ECOBILAN, 1993: Ecotaxe, Concurrence entre Materiaux et Conception des Objets Techniques. Research Report for ADEME and the French Ministry of Environment, Paris, France, 150 pp.

Goldemberg, J., L.C. Monaco, and I.C. Macedo, 1993: The Brazilian fuel alcohol program. In: Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity [Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R. Williams (eds.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 841-863.

Gotelli, I.M., 1993: Using Economic Incentives to Promote Sustainable Industrial Practices: A Case Study of the Sugar Industry in Mexico. MasterÕs thesis submitted to Professor W.R. Moomaw, 21 December 1993, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 122 pp.

Graedel, T.E., I. Horkeby, and V. Norberg-Bohm, 1994: Prioritizing impacts in industrial ecology. In: Industrial Ecology and Global Change [Socolow, R., C. Andrews, F. Berkhout, and V. Thomas (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 359-370.

Griffin, R.C., 1987: CO2 release from cement production, 1950-1985. In: Estimates of CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Burning and Cement Manufacturing, Based on the United Nations Energy Statistics and the U.S. Bureau of Mines Cement Manufacturing Data [Marland, G., T.A. Boden, R.C. Griffin, S.F. Huang, P. Karciruk, and T.R. Nelson (eds.)]. Report No. ORNL/CDIAC-25, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, pp. 643-680.

Grubler, A., S. Messner, and L. Schrattenholzer, 1993: Emission reduction at the global level. Energy, 18, 539-581.

Hall, D.O., F. Rosillo-Calle, R.H. Williams, and J. Woods, 1994: Biomass for energy: supply prospects. In: Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity [Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R. Williams (eds.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 593-651.

Haupin, W.E., 1987: Production of Aluminum and Alumina [Burkin, A.R. (ed.)]. J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 241 pp.

Herman, R., S.A. Ardekani, and J.H. Ausubel, 1989: Dematerialization. In: Technology and Environment [Ausubel, J.H. and H.E. Sladovich (eds.)]. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 50-69.

Hryn, J.N. and D.R. Sadoway, 1993: Cell testing of metal anodes for aluminum electrolysis. In: Light Metals 1993 [Das, S.K. (ed.)]. TMS, Warrendale, PA, pp. 475-483.

Huang, Jin-ping, 1993: Industry energy use and structural change: a case study of the PeopleÕs Republic of China. Energy Economics, 15(2), 131-136.

IIASA, 1993: Long Term Strategies for Mitigating Global Warming. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.

IISI, 1993: Carbon Dioxide and the Steel Industry. Committee on Environmental Affairs and Committee on Technology. International Iron and Steel Institute, Brussels, Belgium, 68 pp.

IPCC, 1990: Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment [Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins, and J.J. Ephraums (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 365 pp.

IPCC, 1992: Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment [Houghton, J.T., B.A. Callendar, and S.K. Varney (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 200 pp.

Jacques, A.P., 1992: CanadaÕs Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Estimates for 1990. Report EPS 5/AP/4, Environment Protection Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 78 pp.

Johansson, T.B., B. Bodlund, and R.H. Williams (eds.), 1989: Electricity: Efficient End-Use and New Generation Technologies, and Their Planning Implications. Lund University Press, Lund, Sweden, 960 pp.

Juwarkar, A., P. Sudhakarbabu, and P. Khanna, 1994: Production of BiosurfactantsÑA Case Study. Chemical Industry Digest, pp. 91-95.

Kashiwagi, T., 1993: Systems Integration for Rational Use of Industrial Energy. IPCC Working Group II Subgroup A: Mitigation OptionsÐIndustry. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland.

Kashiwagi, T., 1992: The importance of systems integration in energy technology. In: International Conference Next Generation Technologies for Efficient Energy Uses and Fuel Switching. Proceedings of the Conference in Dortmund, 7-9 April 1992. IEA, Dortmund, Germany, pp. 553-564.

Kashiwagi, T., 1991: Present status and prospects for unexploited energy utilization. Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan, 70(2), 108-116 (in Japanese).

Keller, H.S. and D. Zylberstajn, 1991: Energy-intensity trends in Brazil. Annual Review of Energy, 16, 179-203.

Khanna, P., N. Saraswat, and V.S. Kulkarni, 1988: Towards Preventive Environmental Policy for Industry in India. Report, Ministry of Environmental and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi, India.

Koch, P., 1992: Wood vs. non-wood materials in US residential construction. Some energy-related implications. Forest Products Journal, 42, 31.

Konishi, A., 1995: Waste Paper Trade and Recycling: The Implications for Development and Environment in India. Ph.D. dissertation, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 270 pp.

Lashof, D.A. and D.R. Ahuja, 1990: Relative Contributions of Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Global Warming. Nature, 344, 529-533.

Lees, E., 1992: Technological developments for energy efficiency and fuel switching in industry. In: International Conference Next Generation Technologies for Efficient Energy Uses and Fuel Switching. Proceedings of the Conference in Dortmund, 7-9 April 1992. IEA, Dortmund, Germany, pp. 183-196.

Lindmann, E., 1992: Gasification of industrial wastes. In: International Conference Next Generation Technologies for Efficient Energy Uses and Fuel Switching. Proceedings of the Conference in Dortmund, 7-9 April 1992. IEA, Dortmund, Germany, pp. 319-328.

Lonrigg, P., 1984: Use of PV to transport and desalt ground water supplies using brushless DC motors. Solar Cells, 85, 231.

Lyon, R.K., J.C. Kramlich, and J.A. Cole, 1989: Nitrous oxide: sources, sampling and science policy. Environmental Science and Technology, 23(4), 392-394.

Marland, G., 1994: Personal communication, 25 March 1994.

Marland, G. and A. Pippin, 1990: United States emissions of carbon dioxide to the earthÕs atmosphere by economic activity. Energy Systems and Policy, 14, 319-336.

Marland, G. and R.M. Rotty, 1984: Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels: a procedure for estimation and results for 1950-1982. Tellus, 36B, 232-261.

Marland, G., R.J. Andres, and T.A. Boden, 1993: Global, regional, and national CO2 emissions. In: Trends Õ93: A Compendium of Data on Global Change [Boden, T.A., D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss (eds.)]. ORNL/CDIAC-65, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge, TN, pp. 9-85.

Matsuoka, Y., M. Kainuma, and T. Morita, 1994: Scenario analysis of global warming using the Asian-Pacific integrated model (AIM). In: Integrated Assessment of Mitigation, Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change [Nakicenovic, N. et al. (eds.)]. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, pp. 309-338.

Metalgesellshaft AG, 1988: Tableaux Statistiques 1977-1987. Metalgesellshaft AG, Frankfurt, Germany, 471 pp.

MITI, 1990: Challenges in New Energy Trends. Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 59-98 (in Japanese).

MITI, 1993: Comprehensive approach to the new sunshine program. Sunshine Journal, 4, 1-6.

MITI, 1994: The Basic Statistics for Analysis of CO2 Mitigation in Japan. Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Tokyo, Japan.

MMT, 1993: 1993 Annual Report. Molten Metal Technologies, Waltham, MA, 28 pp.

Moomaw, W.R., 1991: Photovoltaics and materials science: helping to meet the imperatives of clean air and climatic change. Journal of Crystal Growth, 109, 1-11

Moomaw, W.R. and D.M. Tullis, 1994: Charting Development Paths: A Multicountry Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Industrial Ecology and Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 157-172.

Moomaw, W.R. and D.M. Tullis, 1995: Industial Sector CO2 Emissions in Industrial, Transitional and Developing Countries. Global Development and Environment Institute Report, Tufts University, Medford, MA, pp. 1-34.

Morita, T., Y. Matsuoka, M. Kainuma, et al., 1994: AIMÑAsian-Pacific integrated model for evaluating policy options to reduce GHG emissions and global warming impacts. In: Global Warming Issue in Asia [Bhattacharya, S.C., et al. (eds.)]. Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 254-273.

Motwani, M., R. Seth, H.F. Daginawala, and P. Khanna, 1993: Microbial production of 2,3 butanediol from water hyacinth. Bioresource Technology, 44, 187-195.

Nakicenovic, N., A. Grubler, et al., 1993: Long term strategies for mitigating global warming. Energy, 18, 401-419.

NEDO, 1993: The Environment Friendly Energy Community Project. NEDO Pamphlet, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1-6 (in Japanese).

NEERI, 1993: Environmental Audit of South Indian Viscosc Ltd. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.

NEERI, 1994: Value Added Chemicals from Cellulosic Saccharification and Fermentation [Khanna, P. (ed.)]. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.

Nelson, K., 1994: Finding and implementing projects that reduce waste. In: Industrial Ecology and Global Change [Socolow, R., C. Andrews, F. Berkhout, and V. Thomas (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 371-382.

Norford, L., A. Rabl, J. Harris, and J. Roturier, 1989: Electricity: Efficient End-Use and New Generation Technologies, and Their Planning Implications [Johansson, T.B., B. Bodlund, and R.H. Williams (eds.)]. Lund University Press, Lund, Sweden, pp. 427-460.

Novak, M. and I. Cuhalev, 1993: Indonesian coal for environmental value in Slovenia cogeneration plants. In: IEA Second International Conference on the Clean and Efficient Use of Coal and Lignite: Its Role in Energy, Environment and Life. Proceedings of the Conference in Hong Kong, 30 NovemberÐ3 December 1993. OECD Publications, Paris, France, pp. 697-703.

NRC, 1976: Renewable Resources for Industrial Materials. A Report of the Committee on Renewable Resources for Industrial Materials Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources Commission on Natural Resources. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 275 pp.

OECD, 1994: Energy Related CO2 Emissions, Electricity Production and Consumption 1971-1992. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Ogden, J. and J. Nitsch, 1993: Solar hydrogen. In: Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity [Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R. Williams (eds.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 925-1009.

Ogden, J.M. and R.H. Williams, 1989: Solar Hydrogen: Moving Beyond Fossil Fuels. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 123 pp.

Olivier, J.G.J., 1993: Nitrous oxide emissions from industrial processes. In: Methane and Nitrous Oxide: Methods in National Emissions Inventories and Options for Control. Proceedings of International IPPC Workshop, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands, pp. 339-442.

OTA, 1991: Energy Technology Choices Shaping Our Future. Office of Technology Assessment. Washington, DC, 148 pp.

Plunkert, P.A. and E.D. Senke, 1993: Aluminum, Bauxite and Alumina: 1991. Annual Report, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC, 48 pp.

Portland Cement Association, 1990: U.S. Cement Industry Fact Sheet. Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, pp. 14-15.

Pimentel, D., L.E. Hurd, and A.C. Bellotti, 1973: Food production and the energy crisis. Science, 182, 443-449.

Rajabapaiah, P., S. Jayakumar, and A.K.N. Reddy, 1993: Biogas electricityÑthe Pura Village case study. In: Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity [Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams (eds.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 787-815.

Ramanathan, V., R.J. Cicerone, and H.B. Singh, 1985: Trace gas trends and their potential role in climate change. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5547-5566.

Ross, C.P., 1991: Glass Industry Consulting. Creative Opportunities. U.S. Glass Industry Report 1991, Laguna Niguel, CA, 4 pp.

Sadoway, D.R., 1990: Metallurgical electrochemistry in nonaqueous media. In: 1990 Elliott Symposium Proceedings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 189-196.

Schaefer, H., 1992: TechnologyÑa key issue to rational and efficient energy use. In: International Conference Next Generation Technologies for Efficient Energy Uses and Fuel Switching. Proceedings of the Conference in Dortmund, 7-9 April 1992. IEA, Dortmund, Germany, pp. 629-642.

Schipper, L. and S. Meyers, 1992: Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Past, Trends, Future Prospects. Sponsored by the Stockholm Environmental Institute, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 84-110.

Schipper, L. and E. Martinot, 1993: Decline and rebirth: energy demand in the former USSR. Energy Policy, 21(9), 969-977.

Scientific American, 1995: The treaty that workedÑalmost. Scientific American, 273(3), 18-20.

Sharma, S., G. Pandya, T. Chakrabarti, and P. Khanna, 1994: Liquid-liquid equilibria for 2,3 butanediol. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data, 39, 823-826.

Socolow, R., C. Andrews, F. Berkhout, and V. Thomas (eds.), 1994: Industrial Ecology and Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 500 pp.

SRI International, 1994: By-Product Hydrogen Sources and Markets. Prepared for the National Hydrogen Association 5th Annual U.S. Hydrogen Meeting, March 24, 1994, Barbara Heydorn (consultant), Menlo Park, CA, 15 pp.

Summers, R. and A. Heston, 1991: The Penn world tables (mark V): an expanded set of international comparisons, 1950-1988. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 327-368.

Summers, R. and A. Heston, 1994: An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1992. World Bank, Washington, DC.

TERI, 1991: TERI Energy Data Directory and Year Book,1990-91. Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Thiemens, M.H. and W.C. Trogler, 1991: Nylon production: an unknown source of atmospheric nitrous oxide. Science, 251, 932-934.

Torvanger, A., 1991: Manufacturing sector carbon dioxide emissions in nine OECD countries, 1973-1987. Energy Economics, 13(2), 168-186.

Turnbull, J., 1993: Strategies for Achieving a Sustainable, Clean and Cost Effective Biomass Resource. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 25 pp.

UBC, 1994: Personal communication, University of British Columbia, Department of Design.

U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1992: Soda ash. In: Mineral Commodity Summaries,1992. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC, pp. 162-163.

U.S. DOE, 1980: Classification and Evaluation of Electric Motors and Pumps. DOE/CS-0147, U.S. Department of Energy,Washington, DC, 251 pp.

U.S. DOE, 1994: The Climate Change Action Plan: Technical Supplement. DOE/PO-0011, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 148 pp.

U.S. EPA, 1993: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 1990-1993. EPA230-R-94-014, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Change Division, Washington, DC, 170 pp.

Williams, R.H. and E.D. Larson, 1993: Advanced gasification based biomass power generation. In: Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity [Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R. Williams (eds.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 729-786.

Williams, R.H., E.D. Larson, and M.H. Ross, 1987: Materials, affluence and industrial energy use. Annual Review of Energy, 12, 99-144.

World Bureau of Metal Statistics, 1995: World Metal Statistics Yearbook. World Bureau of Metal Statistics, Birmingham, UK, 75 pp.

WRI, et al., 1994: United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Development Programme. 1994. World Resources 1994-1995. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 400 pp.

Young, J.E., 1992: AluminumÕs real tab. World Watch: A Bimonthly Magazine of the Worldwatch Institute, 5(2), 26-33.

Zerbe, J.I., 1990: Biomass energy and global warming. In: Proceedings of Global WarmingÑA Call for International Coordination, 9-12 April 1990, Chicago, IL, pp. 66-82.