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Paula J. Dobriansky, Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs:
"Therefore it is our intention to implement policies that will foster
these technology-based solutions -- that is the way we will address the
challenge of global climate change. Significantly, we also believe that
climate change should not be pursued in isolation, but should be handled
as an integral part of a broad strategic paradigm of sustainable
development, which features a balanced mix of environmentally sound,
pro-economic growth policies. At the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable
Development in Johannesburg and at the COP-8 meeting last year in New
Delhi, we found strong and growing support for this position among
developing countries." (64KB PDF file)
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The Alternative Fuels Data Center calls itself a "one-stop shop for all
your alternative fuel and vehicle information needs". The site has over
3,000 documents available online, an interactive fuel station mapping
system, and listings of available alternative fuel vehicles. It is
sponsored by the U.S. Dept. of Energy's, Office of Transportation
Technologies.
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The goal of the American Hydrogen Association (AHA) is to stimulate
interest and help establish the renewable hydrogen energy economy by the
year 2010. To achieve this goal, the AHA is working in cooperation with
organizations such as the IAHE, NHA, NASA, environmental groups and
industry, community, and schools to promote understanding of hydrogen
technology, and help create a marketplace for pollution-free hydrogen
energy.
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The Argonne National Laboratory is a research facility or the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE), involved in developing advanced vehicle
technologies. Their research programs concentrate on alternative fuels,
batteries, engines and emissions control, fuel cells, hybrid vehicles,
materials, modeling, and technology assessments. Argonne's technical
papers and reports on transportation research are available online.
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The Carbon Cycle Science Program was established by the U.S. Global
Change Research Program (USGCRP) to provide critical unbiased scientific
information on the fate of carbon dioxide in the environment to
contribute to the ongoing public dialogue. The Program provides the
scientific foundation for estimating the capacity of the land and the
ocean to sequester and store the considerable quantities of carbon
dioxide anticipated from human activities in the future. The website
provides information about current research activities, funding
opportunities, meetings & workshops and access to online publications.
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This is the main website for the Department of Energy's Carbon
Sequestration program. This site provides links to DOE Carbon
Sequestration Centers, reports, meetings, news, research opportunities,
abstracts from current projects, and descriptions of the programs focus
areas.
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This website provides an overview of the Department of Energy's (DOE)
Carbon Sequestration Program . A summary of the program areas, links to
the various sequestration centers and online DOE Carbon Sequestration
project data sheets can be found on this site.
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1999 |
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This report identifies key areas for research and development that could
lead to an understanding of the potential for future use of carbon
sequestration as a major tool for managing carbon emissions. It is the
effort of researchers from universities, industry, government agencies,
and the Department of Energy's national laboratories.
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CREST publishes information about renewable energy, energy efficiency
and sustainability for the Internet. The GEM (Global Energy Marketplace)
database contains records to websites with information on energy
technology and policy.
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The CTTS's mission is to reduce the nation's dependence on foreign oil
supplies, while improving air quality, by developing and demonstrating
innovative technologies that allow alternative fuels and advanced
vehicle systems to supply a significant portion of the nation's
transportation needs.
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The U.S. Department of Energy provides a host of useful information to
help one understand the concept of sustainable development. There are
overview articles, slide shows, links to other sources of information,
recommended books and videos, and educational materials and programs
that can help communities in their sustainable development efforts.
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CADDET collects, analyses, and disseminates information on new
energy-saving technologies that have been demonstrated in applications
in industry, buildings, transport, utilities, and agriculture. To date,
details on over 2,000 new technology applications have been published
through CADDET Energy Efficiency products.
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Stratospheric ozone levels are near their lowest point since
measurements began, so current ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation levels are
thought to be close to their maximum. Total stratospheric content of
ozone-depleting substances is expected to reach a maximum before the
year 2000. All other things being equal, the current ozone losses and
related UV-B increases should be close to their maximum.
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The Clean Cities Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy,
supports public-private partnerships that deploy alternative fuel
vehicles (AFVs) and build supporting infrastructure. By encouraging AFV
use, the Clean Cities Program helps enhance energy security and
environmental quality at both the national and local levels. The site
offers information on becoming a part of the Clean Cities program,
alternative fuel vehicle information and funding programs.
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A short article published by Resources for the Future (RFF) in
Weathervane, an online forum for analysis and commentary on U.S. and
global policy initiatives related to climate change.
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A list of recent technical publications on climate change mitigation
from the Environmental Energy Technologies Division. They are all
available online in pdf format.
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The site was produced as part of a project for the class "Climate Change
Policy" given at the Indiana University School of Public and
Environmental Affairs. It offers an overview of the benefits and costs
of climate change mitigation, with a discussion of the costs of
emissions reductions and carbon sequestration and the various economic
models used in such calculations.
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The site is produced and maintained by the U.S. Dept. of State, Office
of International Information Programs and provides access to climate
change information.
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2003 |
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Congressional debate regarding the Climate Stewardship Act of 2003 to
provide for a program of scientific research on abrupt climate change,
to accelerate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the United
States by establishing a market-driven system of greenhouse gas
tradeable allowances that could be used interchangeably with passenger
vehicle fuel economy standard credits, to limit greenhouse gas emissions
in the United States and reduce dependence upon foreign oil, and ensure
benefits to consumers from the trading in such allowances. (208KB PDF
file)
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Congressional debate regarding the Climate Stewardship Act of 2003 to
provide for a program of scientific research on abrupt climate change,
to accelerate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the United
States by establishing a market-driven system of greenhouse gas
tradeable allowances that could be used interchangeably with passenger
vehicle fuel economy standard credits, to limit greenhouse gas emissions
in the United States and reduce dependence upon foreign oil, and ensure
benefits to consumers from the trading in such allowances. (216KB PDF
file)
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The Center is the focal point in the DOT of expertise on transportation
and climate change. Through strategic research, policy analysis,
partnerships and outreach, the Center creates comprehensive and
multi-modal approaches to reduce transportation-related greenhouse gases
and to mitigate the effects of global climate change on the
transportation network.
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The EREN homepage serves as a portal to the Department of Energy's (DOE)
energy efficiency and renewable energy information, with access to more
than 600 links and 80,000 documents.
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Decreased quantities of total-column ozone are now observed over large
parts of the globe, permitting increased penetration of solar UV-B
radiation (280-315 nm) to the Earth's surface. The 1998 assessment deals
with the possible consequences. The Atmospheric Science Panel predicts
that the ozone layer will be in its most vulnerable state during the
coming two decades. Some of the effects are expected to occur during
most of the next century. Recent studies show that the effects of ozone
depletion would have been dramatically worse without the protective
measures taken under the Montreal Protocol.
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EPA's Global Change Research Program is an assessment-oriented program
with primary emphasis on understanding the potential consequences of
climate variability and change on human health, ecosystems, and
socioeconomic systems in the United States. The website is designed to
provide a portal through which scientists, resource managers, and the
public can access information about the program and partners.
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no description available
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The Global Environment Facility (GEF) provides grants and funding to
recipient countries for projects and programs that protect the global
environment and promote sustainable economic growth. Funded projects
fall into four focal areas: biodiversity, climate change, international
waters, and ozone. Land degradation, as it relates to the four focal
areas, is also eligible for funding. Both the Framework Convention on
Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity have
designated the GEF as their funding mechanism on an interim basis. GEF
projects and programs are managed through three implementing agencies:
the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP),
and the World Bank. The GEF Secretariat, which is functionally
independent from the three implementing agencies, reports to and
services the Council and Assembly of the GEF.
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The objective of the Global Technology Strategy Project (GTSP) is to
identify global and regional technology portfolios that could minimize
the cost of atmospheric stabilization through a public-private research
collaboration. The project seeks to add a new dimension to our
understanding--a long-term, international, energy technology strategy.
The project is developing this strategic vision through a program of
focused research. This research is illuminating of the global and
regional interrelationships between Energy Technology, Economic
Activity, and Climate Policy. The project utilizes the best current
understanding of present and potential future technology and embeds that
knowledge in an economic and policy context to examine the potential
value to climate mitigation of alternative energy research and
development portfolios and patterns of technology development.
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The health risks associated with ozone depletion will principally be
those due to increased ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation in the environment,
i. e., increased damage to the eyes, the immune system, and the skin.
Some new risks may also be introduced with the increased use of
alternatives to the ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
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Also known as the Edmonds-Reilly model, this model runs on an IBM PC and
is available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC).
The model has the capability to calculate both CO2 (carbon dioxide) and
CH4 (methane) emission estimates by source and region. Population, labor
productivity, end-use energy efficiency, income effects, price effects,
resource base, technological change in energy production, environmental
costs of energy production, market-penetration rate of energy-supply
technology, solar and biomass energy costs, synfuel costs, and the
number of forecast periods may be interactively inspected and altered
producing a variety of global and regional CO2 and CH4 emission
scenarios for 1975 through 2100.
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The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Linkages
website provides reporting services on international negotiations,
conferences, workshops, symposia and regional meetings that concern
sustainable development, climate and atmosphere and other topics
concerning environment and development.
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Part of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Biological and Environmental
Sciences Research Program, the Integrated Assessment program integrates
simplified representations of the entire global climate system,
emphasizing greenhouse gas emissions and actions that would affect
emissions. The results of this research provide a foundation for
subsequent policy analysis or decision making. The estimated costs of
certain actions can be weighed against predicted changes in impacts. The
research program also helps the climate change research community better
identify priority scientific topics. The website contains research
abstracts, research opportunity notices, fellowship information and
links to research topics.
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The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous agency linked
with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development (OECD).
It is the energy forum for 26 member countries. They have become an
authoritative source for energy statistics worldwide. They conduct
analyses of actions to mitigate climate change, and energy and
sustainable development. The website contains reports, papers,
conference and workshop information, detailed information (descriptions,
links, annual reports) concerning IEA Implementing Agreements, and
energy statistics from member countries.
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2000 |
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The report addresses the technology transfer problem in the context of
climate change while emphasizing the sustainable development
perspective. (331KB PDF file)
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2001 |
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This report assess the scientific, technical, environmental, economic,
and social aspects of the mitigation of climate change. The full report
is published by Cambridge University Press. (112Kb PDF file)
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The website describes MIT's Integrated Global System Model (IGSM), and
links to online reports from the MIT Joint Program on the Science and
Policy of Global Change, an organization for research, independent
policy analysis, and public education in global environmental change.
The IGSM model is designed for simulating the global environmental
changes that may arise as a result of anthropogenic causes, the
uncertainties associated with the projected changes, and the effect of
proposed policies on such changes. The model includes an economic model
for analysis of greenhouse and aerosol precursor gas emissions and
mitigation proposals.
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The Model Visualization and Analysis Service (MVA) provides background
information on the use of integrated assessment to examine the
relationship between human activities and global climate change,
descriptions of integrated assessment models (IAMs), and access to
model-generated output.
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NETL is a long-standing participant in the development and demonstration
of fossil fuel-based technologies that can be used to develop flexible,
market-based protocols as low-cost solutions for achieving global
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Some of their on-site science and
technology development activities include: Carbon Sequestration, Ultra
Clean Fuels, Computational Energy Science (development of clean energy
devices and plants), and Gas Energy Systems Dynamics (fuel cells).
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NREL conducts research in about 50 areas of scientific investigation,
including photovoltaics, wind energy, biomass-derived fuels and
chemicals, energy-efficient buildings, advanced vehicles, solar
manufacturing, industrial processes, solar thermal systems, hydrogen
fuel cells, superconductivity, geothermal and waste-to-energy
technologies. The website contains R&D program descriptions, data &
information and a publications database and an entire section devoted to
national and international applications, and technology transfer.
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The NREL Publications database includes references to 16,000 documents
related to sustainable energy technologies that were written or edited
by National Renewable Energy Laboratory staffers and subcontractors.
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The Office of Global Programs (OGP) leads the NOAA Climate and Global
Change Program. NOAA has the primary responsibility within the Federal
Government to routinely provide climate forecasts and products to the
Nation. OGP assists in this capacity by sponsoring focused scientific
research, within approximately eleven research elements, aimed at
understanding climate variability and its predictability. Through
studies in these areas, researchers coordinate activities that jointly
contribute to improved predictions and assessments of climate
variability over a continuum of timescales from season to season, year
to year, and over the course of a decade and beyond.
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The OECD is an international organization that helps governments tackle
the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy.
This site provides an overview of OECD work on transport and the
environment. Project news and online documents such as reports,
brochures and guidelines, can be found at this site.
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The Environment Division of the OSTP (which serves as a source of
scientific and technological analysis and judgment for the President
with respect to major policies, plans, and programs of the federal
Government) provides national leadership to ensure a sound scientific
and technical foundation for environmental policies and programs, and
coordinates Federal research and development strategies for environment
and natural resource policies, in area's including global climate change
research and renewable energy technology. Papers, Reports, Publications,
selected Administration Statements, Speeches and Testimony, Media
Releases, White House Publications and R&D Budget Documents are
available in full text at this site.
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The primary goal of the OTT is to "reduce the annual increase in the use
of petroleum fuels by highway transportation vehicles to zero or less".
The site was developed to be an educational tool and information center,
describing the structure of OTT and explaining OTT's involvement in
developing advanced vehicles. The Office of Transportation Technology
focuses on reducing transportation petroleum use through energy
efficiency and fuel substitution. The site contains vehicle and
emissions analysis tools, vehicle purchasing tools, information on OTT
technologies (vehicles, fuels, emissions), and links to lab partners.
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1995 |
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A statement by Elizabeth Dowdeswell, Executive Director of the UNEP, at
the Oslo Roundtable Conference on Sustainable Production and Consumption
(8 Feb 1995).
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2001 |
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An annual report by the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Committee
on Environment and Natural Resources of the National Science and Technology
Council. Our Changing Planet describes the US Global Change Research
Program for FY 2002. Federal Agency activities and funding levels
are presented. A printed copy of this publication can be obtained
without charge by submitting a request to GCRIO (see contact information
at bottom of page); or by using our on-line
document request form.
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1998 |
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Membership lists, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources and
Subcommittee on Global Change Research
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2002 |
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The USGCRP budget includes $310 million in FY 2002 for research and
observations related to improving understanding of ongoing changes in
atmospheric composition. The atmosphere links the other components of
the Earth system-including the oceans, land, terrestrial and marine
biosphere, and the frozen regions. Because of these linkages, the
atmosphere is a conduit of change. For example, natural events and human
activities can change atmospheric composition in ways that alter the
Earth's radiative (energy) balance. Associated responses involving the
climate system and the stratospheric ozone layer influence the
well-being of human and natural systems. Because the atmosphere is the
'fast mixer' in the Earth system, changes in the composition and
chemistry of the atmosphere spread over very large areas very quickly.
As a result, observations of changes in the atmosphere are among the
very earliest harbingers of changes in the global environment. The very
long atmospheric residence times of some chemical species cause changes
in their concentrations to be virtually irreversible for decades,
centuries, and millennia - thereby affecting all countries and
populations, not just the emitters. The improving capability for
modeling the composition of the global atmosphere as a whole is enabling
quantification of the linkages between continental air quality and
climate change, which were once considered separately and independently.
Future research will build upon recent scientific accomplishments. In
one of the extraordinary success stories of global change research,
scientific understanding has led to measures that have reversed the
decades-long growth in atmospheric concentrations of the substances
responsible for depleting the stratospheric ozone layer.
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2002 |
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Our Changing Planet: The FY 2002 Global Change Research Program is a
report to Congress supplementing the President's FY 2002 budget,
pursuant to the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The report describes
the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP); summarizes scientific
insights from global change research, discusses the six Research Program
Elements and FY 2002 plans in each of these research areas; and includes
an appendix that details the FY 2002 budget, including program
components and program highlights for each of the departments and
agencies that comprise the USGCRP. Achieving the goals of this program
will require continued strong support for the scientific research needed
to improve understanding of how human activities are affecting the
global environment, and of how natural and human-induced global change
is affecting society and ecosystems.
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2002 |
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The first table in this Appendix presents the FY 2001-FY 2002 USGCRP
budget by Research Program Element, showing each department or agency's
budgetary contribution to each element. The budget pages for individual
participating agencies that follow include a listing of programs
designated for inclusion in the USGCRP, as well as a general description
of each agency's 'Areas of Global Change Research.' For each agency, a
'FY 2002 Program Highlights' section outlines briefly some of the key
USGCRPrelated activities proposed for the coming year. In addition, the
agencies conduct a broad range of 'Related Research,' as indicated,
funding for which is not included as part of the USGCRP budget because
the research is conducted primarily for other purposes.
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2002 |
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The USGCRP budget includes $486 million in FY 2002 for research and
observations related to understanding climate variability and change.
The Earth's prevailing climate is a fundamental element in the
well-being of societies and natural systems. Climate strongly affects
the viability of agriculture, the distribution and productivity of
forests and rangelands, the diversity of flora and fauna, the
availability of water, the spread of insects and rodents that carry
human disease organisms, the intensity and frequency of floods and
severe weather events, and much more. The essential scientific questions
about climate system behavior range across all timescales, from seasons
and years to decades, centuries, and millennia.
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2002 |
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The USGCRP budget includes $199 million in FY 2002 for research and
observations related to understanding changes in managed and unmanaged
ecosystems. The USGCRP budget includes $107 million in FY 2002 for the
study of the human dimensions of global change. The USGCRP contributes
to and benefits from international research efforts to improve
understanding of global change on both the regional and global scales.
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2002 |
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Our Changing Planet: The FY 2002 US Global Change Research Program is a
report to Congress supplementing the President's FY 2002 budget,
pursuant to the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The report describes
the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP); summarizes scientific
insights from global change research, discusses the six Research Program
Elements and FY 2002 plans in each of these research areas; and includes
an appendix that details the FY 2002 budget, including program
components and program highlights for each of the departments and
agencies that comprise the USGCRP. Achieving the goals of this program
will require continued strong support for the scientific research needed
to improve understanding of how human activities are affecting the
global environment, and of how natural and human-induced global change
is affecting society and ecosystems.
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2002 |
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2002 |
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2003 |
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A report by the Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on
Global Change Research as a supplement to the President's FY 2003
budget. (1.7MB PDF file)
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2002 |
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Our Changing Planet: The FY 2002 Global Change Research Program is a
report to Congress supplementing the President's FY 2002 budget,
pursuant to the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The report describes
the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP); summarizes scientific
insights from global change research, discusses the six Research Program
Elements and FY 2002 plans in each of these research areas; and includes
an appendix that details the FY 2002 budget, including program
components and program highlights for each of the departments and
agencies that comprise the USGCRP. Achieving the goals of this program
will require continued strong support for the scientific research needed
to improve understanding of how human activities are affecting the
global environment, and of how natural and human-induced global change
is affecting society and ecosystems.
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The Pew Center on Global Climate Change is a non-profit, non-partisan
and independent organization dedicated to providing credible
information, straight answers and innovative solutions in the effort to
address global climate change.
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The Public Power Institute (PPI) uses the Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA), the nation's largest producer of electricity, as a living
laboratory to showcase new technologies that TVA can use to balance
environmental and energy objectives, and to provide technical and
scientific input on government regulations and public policies. Their
research and development activities include: carbon sequestration
technologies, fuel cell technology, wind power and solar energy.
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This database contains data from both intervention and non-intervention
scenarios of future emissions of greenhouse gases, supporting the
activities of the IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES). The
goal of the SRES was to provide a basis for analysis of potential future
climatic changes and associated impacts as well as a reference for
socio-economic analysis of long-term mitigation options. Several of the
scenarios are the results of an integrated assessment (IA) model - they
take into consideration the interactions between energy, economy, and
land use changes.
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2003 |
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As part of the President's National Climate Change Technology
Initiative, launched on June 11, 2001, the President directed the
Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, to lead a
multi-agency review of the Federal R&D portfolio and make
recommendations. The Climate Change Technology Program (CCTP) was
established in 2002 to implement the President's Initiative. The CCTP is
a multi-agency research and development (R&D) coordination activity,
organized under the auspices of the Cabinet-level Committee on Climate
Change Science and Technology Integration (CCCSTI). Participating
Federal agencies include the Departments of Energy, Agriculture,
Commerce, Defense, Health and Human Services, Interior, State, and
Transportation, as well as the Environmental Protection Agency, the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Science
Foundation. (56KB PDF file)
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The ninth Conference of the Parties (COP-9) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the nineteenth
sessions of the COP's Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological
Advice (SBSTA) and Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) were held at
the Fiera Milan Congress Center in Milan, Italy, from 1-12 December
2003. (388KB PDF file)
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1996 |
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This Technical Paper provides an overview and analysis of technologies
and measures to limit and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to
enhance GHG sinks under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (FCCC). The paper focuses on technologies and measures
for the countries listed in Annex I of the FCCC, while noting
information as appropriate for use by non- Annex I countries.
Technologies and measures are examined over three time periods -- with a
focus on the short term (present to 2010) and the medium term
(2010-2020), but also including a discussion of longer-term (e.g., 2050)
possibilities and opportunities.
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The Transportation Energy Policy Analysis group, a part of the Berkeley
Lab's Energy Analysis Department, analyzes how the combination of
vehicle technology, land-use patterns, and driving behavior affect
energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector.
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2002 |
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Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2000. Central
to any study of climate change is the development of an emissions
inventory that identifies and quantifies a country's primary
anthropogenic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases. This current
inventory adheres to both (1) a comprehensive and detailed methodology
for estimating sources and sinks of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and
(2) a common and consistent mechanism that enables signatory countries
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to
compare the relative contribution of different emission sources and
greenhouse gases to climate change. Moreover, systematically and
consistently estimating national and international emissions is a
prerequisite for accounting for reductions and evaluating mitigation
strategies.
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2003 |
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U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham says the United States is moving
ahead in an unprecedented international effort to make clean energy the
cornerstone of economic growth, improved health and closer ties among
nations. (47KB PDF file)
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A review and appraisal of the implementation of Agenda 21, the
comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and
locally by organizations of the United Nations system, governments, and
major groups in every area in which humans impact the environment.
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USAID's (U.S. Agency for International Development) environment programs
focus on long-standing global environmental challenges, such climate
change, biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, clean energy
development and sustainable natural resource management.
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Regarding the effects of UV- B radiation on aquatic ecosystems, recent
scientific and public interest has focused on marine primary producers
and on the aquatic web, which has resulted in a multitude of studies
indicating mostly detrimental effects of UV- B radiation on aquatic
organisms. The interest has expanded to include ecologically significant
groups and major biomass producers using mesocosm studies, emphasizing
species interactions. This paper assesses the effects of UV- B radiation
on dissolved organic matter, decomposers, primary and secondary
producers, and briefly summarizes recent studies in freshwater and
marine systems.
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Weathervane, an online forum presented by Resources for the Future (RFF),
is designed to provide the news media, legislators, opinion leaders, and
the interested public with analysis and commentary on U.S. and global
policy initiative related to climate change. It focuses is on the
international negotiations that are to decide on goals and actions under
the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Weathervane complements
RFF's Climate Economics and Policy Program, which conducts research into
climate change policy. The site contains numerous papers and discussions
addressing climate policy and the economics of various mitigation
policies and technologies, such as carbon and emissions trading and
clean development mechanism.
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Links
